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Nationalism and Revolutions in 19th Century Europe: Causes and Consequences

This overview explores key revolutions in 19th century Europe, from Greece's rebellion against the Ottomans in 1821 to the wave of uprisings in 1848, including Belgian, Polish, and Hungarian movements. Examining why many revolts failed, it highlights the opposition from conservative forces and the internal divisions among radicals and liberals. The impact of nationalism is also discussed, emphasizing how it unified or divided peoples and ultimately influenced the rise and fall of empires such as the Austrian and Ottoman Empires, while facilitating the unification of Germany and Italy.

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Nationalism and Revolutions in 19th Century Europe: Causes and Consequences

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Revolutions & Nationalism

  2. Revolutions in Europe • 1821- Greece rebels against the Ottomans • 1830- Belgians rebel against Dutch, Poles rebel against Russia, and the French depose Charles X. • 1848- Hungarians demand self-government, Czechs demand Bohemian independence, liberals revolt in German states, and the French demand a democratic government

  3. Why did many revolts fail??? • Conservatives: usually wealthy property owners and nobility who argued to retain traditional monarchies. • The reason many revolts failed was that conservatives still held enough power to put them down.

  4. Radicals vs. Liberals • Both groups wanted some sort of change, but they were different. • Radicals- wanted to extend democratic government to all people. • Liberals- would limit the power to elected parliaments of the educated or landholders.

  5. The Failure of France’s Third Republic • Sharp divides between the goals of radicals. • This led to fights between the different factions. • When this occurred, moderates were able to take over. • Common theme in history: as one group grows apart, a less popular group can take over.

  6. Nationalism • “The belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history.” • Some see it as a way to unify….others see it as a form of disunity.

  7. Types of Nationalist Movements • Unification: mergers of politically divided but culturally similar lands. • 19th Century Germany • 19th Century Italy

  8. Types of Nationalist Movements • Separation: Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away. • Greeks in the Ottoman Empire • French-speaking Canadians

  9. Types of Nationalist Movements • State-building: Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture. • The United States • Turkey

  10. Examples of Empires Hurt By Nationalism • Austrian Empire • Russian Empire • Ottoman Empire • All three groups held great power at different points in history, but through the forces of nationalism their empires crumbled.

  11. Examples of An Empire Benefitting from Nationalism • Prussia leading the German states to unify • Able to do this because it had a mainly German population and a powerful army. • Also, helped that it was industrialized.

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