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Stephen M. Maurer Goldman School of Public Policy

IT and Public Policy – Oct. 14, 2004. The Academic/Industrial. Complex?. Stephen M. Maurer Goldman School of Public Policy. Introduction. Patents + Grants Two Puzzles: Why Change The Grant System? Patents + Grants = DWL + Agency Problems ?

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Stephen M. Maurer Goldman School of Public Policy

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  1. IT and Public Policy – Oct. 14, 2004 The Academic/Industrial Complex? Stephen M. Maurer Goldman School of Public Policy

  2. Introduction Patents + Grants Two Puzzles: Why Change The Grant System? Patents + Grants = DWL + Agency Problems? Will We Change Academic R&D Priorities? . . . and should we?

  3. Introduction Overview • Traditional Academic Incentives • Academic Patenting • The First Puzzle: DWL • The Second Puzzle: Academic Priorities

  4. Academic Incentives

  5. Academic Incentives A Puzzle from the Last Lecture Investing in the Unknowable History Carnegie, Rockefeller et al. • Peer Review NIH & NSF Curiosity and Its Surrogates

  6. Academic Incentives Hardware Software

  7. Academic Incentives Hardware Software

  8. Academic Incentives Hardware • Software

  9. Beyond Grants Is It Optimal? Beyond The Grant Model NASA & DoD. Licklider Industry Participation Gifts, Affiliates Programs, Grants, ORUs.

  10. Beyond Grants • • Hardware Software

  11. Beyond Grants Basic Argument: More Curiosity-Driven Research Caveats: Who Benefits Most? Tilting The R&D Mix Basic vs. Applied Long-Term vs. Short-Term Government Responses Crowding Out?

  12. Beyond Grants A Natural Extension (?)

  13. Academic Patents

  14. Academic Patents Money is Different! • Curiosity + Money • Cashing Out Long Term R&D? • Cashing Out Reputation?

  15. Academic Patents Pre-1980s Individuals Consulting Patents Left University to Form Businesses. Universities Harvard: No DWL for medical R&D Berkeley: Profit Maximization Wisconsin: Socially Responsible Investing Stanford: Marketing Knowledge

  16. Academic Patents Bayh-Dole (1980) • Marketing Knowledge • Incremental Improvements • Not Money for Universities • Not Increased R&D Incentives

  17. Academic Patents Licensing Offices • Growth of Patenting, Licensing, and Startups • How Profitable Is Licensing? • Income vs. Incentives • The “Lottery Ticket” Dynamic

  18. Academic Patents Academic Entrepreneurs Staying in Academia The 40% Solution Money for Labs & Departments Politics An Iron Triangle? Visible vs. Invisible Benefits

  19. The First Puzzle: DWL • Marketing • Time to Market • Survey Data • A Tax on Knowledge? • Pharmaceuticals • Tacit Knowledge • Is Consulting Enough?

  20. The First Puzzle: DWL 2) Incremental Improvements Empirical Evidence Why Not Patent Reform?

  21. The Second Puzzle: Priorities Basic vs. Applied Research Statistics vs. Anecdotes The Future “Changing the University” Engines of Growth? Is the Culture Changing? Tenure

  22. The Second Puzzle: Priorities A Silver Lining? Understanding Market Needs Side Effects Hoarding Information Conflicts of Interest

  23. Conclusions More Study is Needed! In Praise of Naïve Arguments The Scottish Verdict – “Not Proved”

  24. IT and Public Policy – Oct. 14, 2004 The Academic/Industrial Complex? Stephen M. Maurer Goldman School of Public Policy

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