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This study explores the spread of Catholicism beyond Europe during the early 18th century, focusing on key regions such as Africa, Mexico, and Asia. It examines the Catholic Kingdom of Kongo, highlighted by the coat of arms of Afonso I, including the role of sacraments within the Kongolese Church. The work also delves into the impact of missionaries like the Franciscan Friars in Mexico and Jesuits like Francis Xavier and Matteo Ricci in Asia. Additionally, it engages with debates on Amerindian souls and the cultural exchange exemplified by Our Lady of Guadalupe and the Chinese adaptation of Catholicism.
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Catholicism Beyond Europe Gabriel Glickman
A Catholic Kingdom in Africa: Kongo by the early 18th Century
Were Amerindians rational souls or “natural slaves”?: Las Casasvs Sepulveda
Catholicism with a Chinese face: Matteo Ricci and the convert Xu Guanqi