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Innovative E nergy S torage T echnologies Dr. Darius Milčius

Innovative E nergy S torage T echnologies Dr. Darius Milčius Head of Center for Hydrogen Energy Technologies Lithuanian Energy Institute www.hydrogen.lt 2012. Content:. Review of innovative energy storage technologies for vehicles.

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Innovative E nergy S torage T echnologies Dr. Darius Milčius

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  1. Innovative EnergyStorageTechnologies Dr. Darius Milčius Head of Center for Hydrogen Energy Technologies Lithuanian Energy Institute www.hydrogen.lt 2012

  2. Content: • Review of innovative energy storage technologies for vehicles. • Conventional vehicle vs. Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell vehicles. • Development of metal hydrides for hydrogen storage. • Future technologies for hydrogen energy systems in mobile applications.

  3. http://www.nt.ntnu.no/users/chen/CarbonNanomaterials.html 3

  4. Hybrid vehiclevs. Conventional vehicle Toyota Prius Hybrid (toyota.com) Power60 kW Mileage estimates (mpg city/highway/combined) 44/40/42 Price: 2500 - 6000 USD more than conventional Toyota Avensis (toyota.com) Power MPG (city/highway/combined) 26/34/29 4

  5. Electric vehiclevs. Fuel Cell vehicle http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/ Toyota+ Teslaelectriccar (http://www.toyota.com/) Year of production: 2010 Distance: 160 km Liionbaterry41,8 kWh Honda FCX (www.honda.com) Year of production: 2007 Power: 195 kW Maximum speed: 150 km/h Distance: 430 km Engine (power source): fuel cell+engine 5

  6. End of electric vehiclestory? Toyota RAV4 EV EPA-rated driving range of 103 miles (41.8-kWh Lithium-ion battery)  $49,800 "The current capabilities of electric vehicles do not meet society's needs, whether it may be the distance the cars can run, or the costs, or how longit takes to charge," said, Takeshi Uchiyamada, who spearheaded Toyota's development of the Prius hybrid in the 1990s. http://www.technologyreview.com/view/429350/toyota-scales-back-electric-vehicle-plans/ 6

  7. Petrol L. Schlapbach and A. Züttel, Nature 414 (2001) 353-358 7

  8. 2009 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIESMARKET REPORT, June 2010 8

  9. 2009 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIESMARKET REPORT, June 2010 9

  10. Formation of metal hydrides for hydrogen storage http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2009.02.023 10

  11. Plasma enchanced hydrogenation of metals and alloys: LEI CHET patent application https://data.epo.org/publication-server/rest/v1.0/publication-dates/20110629/patents/EP2338834NWA1/document.pdf 11

  12. Hydrogen for vehicles: advantages and challenges The use of hydrogen proposes unique possibilities to have environmentally friendly energy systems with zero emission of climate changes inducing pollutants. Unfortunately most of the systems have one of the main drawbacks: it is impossible to store hydrogen for the long time in technologically and economically reasonable way. Hydrogen energy systems potentially can change drastically in the future. It is mainly related to the so called hydrolytic approach to hydrogen production whenneeded. It can lead to elimination of hydrogen storage and essential technological simplifications. 12

  13. Cuomo and Woodall, 1982 and Kravchenko et al (2005), M. Watanabe proposed hydrogen production using direct reactions path: metal nanoparticles reacts with water and produses hydrogen. 13

  14. New approach LEI CHET Patent application No. 2012 026 14

  15. People, Publications, Patents: • 10 people (2 dr.; 2 PhD students; 3 Ms students, 3 engineers) • 35 publication on metal hydrides • 4 – patents/applications Lithuanian Patent Offise; • 1- EPO application (https://data.epo.org/publication-server/rest/v1.0/publication-dates/20110629/patents/EP2338834NWA1/document.pdf) • Spin-offcompany establishedfor developing technologies commercialization in 2012 . It was done with financial support of MITA (contract No. 31V-137 (2012)). • Implemented/ongoing projects: • USA DoE/Sandia National Lab (USA) 2002-2005; • JRC Institute for Energy (EU) 2005-2008; • EU 6th Framework Programme (6FP) - 4 projects; • Nordic Energy Research (NoE) – 2 projects 2002-2010; • Task 22 of The International Energy Agency Hydrogen Implementing Agreement(IEA HIA) 2002-up to now.

  16. People and Equipment X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Auger Electron Spectroscopy X-ray diffraction (XRD) Scanning Electron microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

  17. Conclusions, challenges, future activities • There are no clear answers about what kind of vehicles we will use in the future: hybrid? electric? Or powered by hydrogen? It gives lots of possibilities for us in R&D. • We developed and patented new technologies for metal hydrides synthesis and hydrogen production whenneeded. These technologies have clear technological interest from biggest car manufacturers but in order to sell it we need to clarify economy factors, such as: “How much doesit cost to produce 1 kg of metal hydrides using our approach at different scales?”, “We must clarify that metal hydrides remains reversible, during continues usage”, “How much doesit cost to produce 1 kg of hydrogen using our developed reversible hydrolytic evolution of hydrogen approach?” and etc.

  18. Thank you for attention! 18

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