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Lesson XVII

Lesson XVII. Future and Perfect of “sum” Translating infinitives. arma , armorum (n.). arms, weapons. auxilium , auxili (n.). aid, help. bellum, belli (n.). war. concordia , concordiae (f.). harmony. nuntius , nunti (m.). messenger. causa , causae (f.). cause, reason, case.

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Lesson XVII

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  1. Lesson XVII Future and Perfect of “sum” Translating infinitives

  2. arma, armorum (n.) arms, weapons

  3. auxilium, auxili (n.) aid, help

  4. bellum, belli (n.) war

  5. concordia, concordiae (f.) harmony

  6. nuntius, nunti (m.) messenger

  7. causa, causae (f.) cause, reason, case

  8. dominus, domini (m.) master

  9. oppidum, oppidi (n.) town

  10. populus, populi (m.) people

  11. aequus, aequa, aequum even, just, calm

  12. latus, lata, latum wide

  13. publicus, publica, publicum public

  14. verus, vera, verum true, real, not false

  15. debeo, debere, debui, debitus ought, owe

  16. maturo, maturare, maturavi, maturatus hasten

  17. quis who?

  18. quid ? what?

  19. ubi where? when? ?

  20. -ne ? (used to introduce yes-or-no questions)

  21. nonne ? (used to introduce questions expecting a “yes” answer)

  22. “SUM” • “Sum” is the “to be” verb. • Like other languages, including English, “sum” is an irregular verb in Latin. • SUM, ESSE, FUI, FUTURUS: to be

  23. Future Tense of “Sum”: EROtext p. 127 (1st chart) These are stand-alone words, not endings.

  24. “ERO” in action! • Nautaero. • Eritservus. • Eris agricola bonus. • Eruntlaeti (happy). • Numeruseritparvus. • Victoria erit grata. • I will be a sailor. • He will be a slave. • You will be a good farmer. • They will be happy. • The number will be small. • Victory will be pleasing.

  25. Perfect Tense of “Sum”: FUItext p. 127 (2nd chart) sum, esse, fui, futurus: to be Drop the “i” and add the perfect endings like we learned for other verbs.

  26. “FUI” in action! • Nautafui. • Fuitservus. • etc. • I have been (was) a sailor. • He has been (was) a slave.

  27. Things to Take Away With You… • The verb “to be” has future and perfect tenses. • Future tense: “ero” (already learned in class) • Perfect tense: “fui” (uses perfect tense endings already learned in class) • Learn both charts!

  28. Infinitivesp. 128 text • An infinitive is a verb with the word “to” in front of it • to carry, to tell, to love, to hurry… • Remember: “TO infinity (-ive)…” 

  29. Using Infinitives • In Latin, infinitives are the 2nd principal part of the verb. • Infinitives end in –re. • amo, amare: to love • porto, portare: to carry • doceo, docere: to teach

  30. Using Infinitives • Infinitives can be used as subjects. • Docereestgratum. To teach is pleasing. • Habereamicosestbonum. To have friends is good. (It’s good to have friends.)

  31. Using Infinitives • Infinitives can be used as objects. • Puella pupas portareamat. The girl likes to carry dolls. • Cibumpararedebet. He ought to prepare food.

  32. Things to Take Away With You… • Infinitives are translated “to (verb)” • Infinitives are the 2nd part of a Latin verb. • Latin infinitives are recognized by their –re ending.

  33. nonne ? (used to introduce questions expecting a “yes” answer)

  34. dominus, domini (m.) master

  35. arma, armorum (n.) arms, weapons

  36. quid ? what?

  37. auxilium, auxili (n.) aid, help

  38. maturo, maturare, maturavi, maturatus hasten

  39. ubi where? when? ?

  40. nuntius, nunti (m.) messenger

  41. causa, causae (f.) cause, reason, case

  42. -ne ? (used to introduce yes-or-no questions)

  43. populus, populi (m.) people

  44. aequus, aequa, aequum even, just, calm

  45. latus, lata, latum wide

  46. publicus, publica, publicum public

  47. verus, vera, verum true, real, not false

  48. quis who?

  49. bellum, belli (n.) war

  50. debeo, debere, debui, debitus ought, owe

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