Unit 11

1. Unit 11 Chapter 15: The Jazz Age Chapter 16: Normalcy and Good Times U.S. History

2. Chapter 15, Section 1 A Clash of Values

3. Eugenics-deals with the improvement of hereditary qualities of a race or breed • False science that believed in superiority of “original” American race—do not breed with those who are not Psuedo-Scientific Racism

4. Established a temporary quota system that limited immigration • 3% of total population of an ethnic group already living in America could be admitted per year • Significantly discriminated against southern and East Europe • Lead to a rise in Hispanic Immigration to fill labor needs Emergency Quota Act of 1921

5. New morality- challenged traditional ways of thinking in areas such as youth, personal freedom, workplace, relationships (non-relationships), and fashion • The automobile created a new mobility that helped play a major part in the new morality The New Morality

6. Other Americans believed this new freedom was adding to the nation’s moral decline • Joined a religious movement known as Fundamentalism, which focused on the authority and teachings of the Bible • Rejected idea of evolution and believed in creationism • Scopes Trial (1925)- clash between the teaching of evolution or creationism in school; cannot teach creationism without evolution The Fundamentalist Movement

7. Chapter 15, Section 2 Cultural Innovations

8. Carl Sandberg- Chicago poet who used common speech to glorify the Midwest • T.S. Eliot- Poet who focused on negative effects of Modernism • Eugene O’Neill-playwright who used bold artistry, modern themes, and realistic characteristics and situations • Ernest Hemingway- writer who was affected by WW1 through disillusionment and reevaluated myths of American Heroes • F. Scott Fitzgerald- most famous, wrote about glamorous characters chasing dreams; Great Gatsby Poets and Writers

9. Maybe most famous baseball player of all time • Changed the way baseball was played • Was a national and international celebrity • The Great Bambino • Sultan of Swat Popular Culture- Babe Ruth

10. Boxer who held world heavyweight championship from 1919-1926 • Golfer who is arguably greatest of all time • Only to ever win Grand Slam in a calendar year • Amatuer who created Augusta National Golf Course Popular Culture- Jack Dempsey and Bobby Jones

11. Motion pictures became huge during this period of time • Mostly black and white and silent movies • Created stars such as Charlie Chaplan Popular Culture- Hollywood

12. Chapter 15, Section 3 African American Culture

13. Neighborhood of Harlem • African Americans were stimulated to create artwork, racial pride, community, and political organization • Brings international fame to African Americans Harlem Renaissance

14. Claude McKay-emigrant from Jamaica, wrote about proud defiance and bitter contempt of racism • Langston Hughes- probably most famous of the writers • Zora Neale Hurston-influential on future generations, especially women Writers of the Renaissance

15. Jazz became a new music inspired during this time, mix between Dixieland, ragtime, and blues • Louis Armstrong-one of the most famous musicians (trumpet) to helps to institute Jazz • Duke Ellington- impressed by ragtime and created his own style of music Music of Harlem Renaissance

16. Blues was also a popular style; evolved from African American spirituals • Bessie Smith- popular singer of the blues • Ma Rainey- one of the first great blues singers Music of the Renaissance

17. Chapter 16, Section 1 Presidential Politics

18. Normalcy-state or fact of being normal; returning to “normal” life after WW1 • Appointed several friends, the “Ohio Gang” to office and scandals erupted • Teapot Dome Scandal- scandal involving Secretary of Interior selling government land to private investors for his own personal gain Harding attempt to return to “Normalcy”

19. Not as outgoing as Harding • A critic once joked, he could be “silent in 5 languages” • Simple and frugal, different than the attitude of the roaring 20’s • Presidential philosophy was simple: prosperity rested on business and government should interfere as little as possible Calvin Coolidge

20. Coolidge quote after being re-elected in 1925

21. Chapter 16, Section 2 A Growing Economy

22. Impact of Cars on American Life- its affordability allowed everyone to own one, created new small businesses, ended rural isolation, and created commuters Henry Ford changes America

23. Showed future of aviation by being first to fly solo non-stop transatlantic flight from New York to Paris, France • Plane called Spirit of St. Louis Charles Lindbergh

24. As the economy and wages rose, people began to buy items on credit in mass amounts after WW1 • Was original thought of as shameful Importance of Consumer Credit

25. Chapter 16, Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity

26. American banks loan Germans money to pay off war debts to France and Britain • France and Britain take less money from Germany, and pay more to America for its debts • Was not successful The Dawes Plan

27. Help stop a costly and potentially harmful post war naval race • Agree to freeze naval production at 1921 for 10 years • Reaffirm “Open Door” policy in an independent China The Washington Conference