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Tuberculosis

By: Daryn Green and Zoë Kallus. Tuberculosis. History. Sylvius: First to identify tubercules 17 th century (1679) Published in Opra Medica 1970: First breakout of MDR-TB 1993: TB is declared a global emergency 1995: outbreak in London HIV hospital Large Prevalence in Siberia.

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Tuberculosis

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  1. By: Daryn Green and Zoë Kallus Tuberculosis

  2. History • Sylvius: First to identify tubercules • 17th century (1679) • Published in Opra Medica • 1970: First breakout of MDR-TB • 1993: TB is declared a global emergency • 1995: outbreak in London HIV hospital • Large Prevalence in Siberia

  3. Background Knowledge • Tuberculosis AKA TB • Has two different forms • Active • Latent • Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Bacillus (rod-shaped) • Slow moving

  4. Two Types of TB Latent Active Infected; with Symptoms Contagious • Infected; without Symptoms • Bacteria in body • Not Contagious • Signs of infection • Tuberculin skin test • TB blood test

  5. Symptoms • No Symptoms in the primary stage • Pulmonary stage • Coughing mucus and blood • Fever • Chest pains and Wheezing • Pus and Blood in Urine • Swollen/Tender Lymph nodes • Pleural effusion • Unusual breathing sounds • Start off in lungs and spread throughout the body

  6. How Does TB Attack the Body? • TB infects the bodies macrophages(WBC’s) • Normally macrophages engulf bacteria and release enzymes that destroy bacteria • TB secretes protein that targets protein in macrophage • TB hides and multiplies in macrophage • Macrophage is killed • Bacteria is released and spreads throughout body • Macrophages transport bacteria to lymph nodes • Can spread throughout body Tubercule in action -

  7. Treatment • Combo of usually 4 drugs(isoniazed, rifampid, pyrazinamide, ethambutell, amikacinethionamide, moxiflozacin) • Taken for 6-24+ months • Possible quarantine 2-4 weeks • BCG(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine • Most effective to children • Many people get surgery to repair lungs • Extremely likely to die if untreated

  8. How TB is Spread • Person to person • Airborne • Bacteria attaches to water droplets in air • NOT Vector borne

  9. Prevention • Cover mouth when sneezing and coughing • Take all medication • Vaccines • BCG: older vaccine; does not work on everyone • Stay away from recently diagnosed patients

  10. Multi-Drug Resistant TB • AKA MDR-TB • A mutated form of TB • Resistant to Isoniazid and Rifampicin • Caused by ineffective drug use • Fail to take antituberculosis medications

  11. Extensively Drug Resistant TB • AKA XDR-TB • Responds to even fewer medication • Of 650,000 cases of MDR-TB, 9% were XDR-TB • Germs can float around certain areas several hours

  12. Factoids • Most likely to be infected • Children • HIV/AIDS patients • Elderly • People with poor diets • People without proper health care • 50% of untreated people DIE • Second to HIV/AIDS as single infectious agent

  13. Works Cited • http://www.medicinenet.com/extensively_drug-resistant_tuberculosis_xdr_tb/article.htm#what • http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/tuberculosis/fact_sheet.htm • http://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/default.htm • http://www.who.int/topics/tuberculosis/en/ • Human Diseases and Conditions (book)

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