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Remittance Motivations and Practices:

A Study of Guyanese, Haitians and Jamaicans in Canada Alan Simmons & Dwaine Plaza Paper presented to the workshop on Lives and Livelihoods: Economic and Demographic Change in Modern Latin America University of Guelph, May 26-27, 2006 . Remittance Motivations and Practices:.

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Remittance Motivations and Practices:

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  1. A Study of Guyanese, Haitians and Jamaicans in Canada Alan Simmons & Dwaine Plaza Paper presented to the workshop on Lives and Livelihoods: Economic and Demographic Change in Modern Latin America University of Guelph, May 26-27, 2006 Remittance Motivations and Practices:

  2. Preliminary findings! Do not cite, quote or reproduce without permission from the authors!

  3. Map of the Presentation: 1. Goals of the Research 2. Background: immigration and settlement 3. Model of Household Remittance Flows 4. Data and Findings 5. Conclusions

  4. 1. Goals of the Research: • How much is remitted? In what form? • To whom? For what goals? • Through what channels? With what transfer costs? • Motives & characteristics of the senders?

  5. 2. Background • Immigration levels over time • Settlement patterns in Canada • Macro estimates of national remittance receipts over time (inflows from all sources)

  6. Guyanese in Toronto

  7. Haitians in Montreal

  8. Jamaicans in Toronto

  9. El Salvador Guatemala Jamaica Haiti Honduras Guyana

  10. 3. Transnational Remittance Model Resources & Motivations Outcomes for Senders Channels and Barriers Amounts Remitted Outcomes for Recipients

  11. 4. Data & Findings • Survey design • Characteristics of survey respondents • Estimates of remittances sent (by households and individuals, 2005) • Channels and transfer cost • How remittances are used • Correlates of sending behavior

  12. Survey Design • Criterion sample of individuals: • Born in Haiti (Montreal) Guyanese (Toronto) and Jamaica (Toronto) • Eighteen years of age or over • Living in Canada for at least one year • Knowledgeable of household expenditures • Both males and females, at all income and schooling levels • In different parts of each city

  13. Questionnaire • Individual level • Household level • Monetary remittances • Goods (via “barrel”, etc.) • Collective-institutional transfers • Measures of transnational links

  14. Respondents’ Characteristics

  15. Amounts Sent

  16. Destination of Funds Remitted

  17. Intended Purposes of Funds Sent

  18. Number of People Benefiting

  19. Main Recipients (percents)

  20. Money Transfer Channels

  21. Transfer Costs

  22. Barrels Sent to Home Country

  23. Content of Barrel Sent Home

  24. Who sends remittances?

  25. Total Household Remittances in 2004 by Household Income Category

  26. Transnational Family Contacts

  27. Mean Remittances Sent Controlling for Telephone Contact

  28. Involvement in Transnational “Projects”

  29. Feelings about demands placed by Transnational family

  30. Policy Oriented Conclusions • Reduce transfer fees & expand financial services • Tax exemption for remitters • State provision of matching funds to remittance receivers • Strengthen TN community links

  31. Future Research Questions Are remittance flows shaped by: • Remittance fatigue? • Second generation? • Shifting centre of the transnational community? • Transnational identity? • Return migration plans? • Etc.

  32. END

  33. Acknowledgements • Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), for project financing • Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean, York University, for institutional support. • Centre D’Études Ethniques des Universités Montréalaises (CEETUM) and the Département de démographie, Université de Montréal, for support and collaboration.

  34. For further details: • Alan Simmons, CERLAC, York University asimmons@yorku.ca • Dwaine Plaza, Oregon State U., Corvallis. dplaza@oregonstate.edu

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