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Advances in Motion Perception: From Apparent Motion to Biological Functions and Mechanisms

This lecture explores the various aspects of motion perception, ranging from apparent motion to biological functions and mechanisms. Topics include motion after-effects, motion blindness, motion capture, depth perception from motion, form perception from motion, and the underlying neural mechanisms involved. The lecture also discusses the importance of motion perception in visual processing.

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Advances in Motion Perception: From Apparent Motion to Biological Functions and Mechanisms

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  1. Advances in Visual Perception PSYC 526 Fall Profs. Fred Kingdom & Kathy Mullen

  2. Lecture 7 “Seeing Motion” Reading Goldstein 5th Ed. Ch. 10; 6th Ed. Ch. 8; 7th Ed. Ch. 9 Braddick, "The many faces of motion perception", Ch 9 in The Artful Eye : Oxford University Press (1995). Ramachandran. & Anstis, "The perception of apparent motion",Scientific American (1986).

  3. Part I - Motion as a specialized sub-system, or ‘module’ Part II - Biological functions of motion perception Part III - Mechanisms of motion perception

  4. Part I. Motion perception as a specialized sub-system, or module 1. Motion as a ‘primary’ sensation - apparent motion - motion after-effect - spoke illusion - motion capture 2. Motion blindness Direction-selective masking Direction-selective neurones in V1/V2/MT Area MT in primate visual cortex

  5. You can see motion even if there is none….. Example 1: Apparent motion

  6. Motion resolution

  7. Example 2 Motion after-effect or “Waterfall phenomenon” Courtesy of Professor George Mather, Sussex University

  8. Another motion After-Effect Courtesy of Professor George Mather, Sussex University

  9. Example 3: Spoke illusion Courtesy of Professor George Mather, Sussex University

  10. Example 4: Motion capture

  11. Motion blindness

  12. Direction-selective masking Motion adaptation Courtesy of Tony Movshon, New York University

  13. Direction-specific masking, or threshold elevation Sekuler & Ganz (1963)

  14. Brain areas in monkey involved in motion perception

  15. Part II • Biological functions of motion perception 1. Depth from motion - motion parallax - kinetic depth • Form from motion - camouflaged objects - biological motion - transparent motion 3. Direction and speed of motion - translational motion - looming and receding 4. Self motion - optic flow - eye movements

  16. Depth-from-motion - Motion Parallax Courtesy of Professor George Mather, Sussex University

  17. Depth-from-motion - Kinetic depth Courtesy of Professor George Mather, Sussex University

  18. Depth-from-motion - Kinetic depth Courtesy of Professor George Mather, Sussex University

  19. Form-from-motion Courtesy of Professor Wim van de Grind, University of Utrecht

  20. Form-from-motion Courtesy of Professor David Regan, York University, Canada

  21. Form-from-motion

  22. Form-from-motion Biological motion Courtesy of Professor George Mather, Sussex University

  23. Form-from-motion Motion transparency Courtesy of Professor George Mather, Sussex University

  24. Form-from-motion Figure-ground Courtesy of Professor George Mather, Sussex University

  25. Form-from-motion Contrast sensitivity for moving sinewave gratings, from Kelly (1979) Contrast sensitivity Spatial frequency (cpd)

  26. Direction-from-motion

  27. Self-motion from motion Optic flow - Blowfly’s view Courtesy of Professor Hans van Hateren, University of Groningen

  28. Part III Mechanisms of motion perception 1. Principle of the Reichardt detector 2. Quadrature-phase motion model Aperture problem Plaid motion

  29. Reichardt detector Direction signalled

  30. Reichardt detector Courtesy of Dr Peter Bex, Institute of Ophthalmology, UK

  31. Bi-directional Reichardt detector Directions signalled

  32. Fig. 3. ‘Quadrature-phase’ motion model How should the two neurones whose receptive fields are shown be wired up to detect rightwards movement of the edge ? Would your scheme also work for a moving sinewave grating ?

  33. Response How should the two neurones whose receptive fields are shown be wired up to detect rightwards movement of the edge ? Would your scheme also work for a moving sinewave grating ?

  34. dt X How should the two neurones whose receptive fields are shown be wired up to detect rightwards movement of the edge ? Would your scheme also work for a moving sinewave grating ?

  35. Aperture problem

  36. Aperture problem

  37. Plaid motion Components Plaid Courtesy of Professor George Mather, Sussex University

  38. Reminder ! Thursday, Motion practical, N7/1 …bring calculator …..can be written up as second essay

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