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Understanding Personality: Nature, Nurture, and Assessment Techniques

This lecture explores the concept of personality, examining the enduring traits and dispositions that differentiate individuals. We discuss the significance of personality and its measurement through various methods. The integrated view considers both heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) in shaping personality traits such as extraversion and emotional stability. Assessment techniques include personality ratings, situational tests, personality inventories, and projective techniques, each with its strengths and weaknesses. Understanding personality is crucial for organizations and impacts behavior significantly.

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Understanding Personality: Nature, Nurture, and Assessment Techniques

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Lecture 4 PERSONALITY I:

  2. Class Outline • Video - ABC News “Back with a vengeance” (10 mins) • Lecture - • What is personality? • Why should we care? • How do we measure personality?

  3. Personality • The relatively enduring individual traits and dispositions that form a pattern distinguishing one person from all others • Traits - • Dispositions - • Reflected by stylistic differences in behavior of people

  4. What Determines Personality? • Heredity (“nature”) • Personality is determined at conception by an individual’s genes • Environment (“nurture”) • Situations that a person is exposed to shape and alter personality traits • e.g. Birth order

  5. What Determines Personality? (cont.) • Integrated View • Heredity may predispose a person to certain patterns of behavior • Environmental factors such as birth order and traumatic experiences, influence the development of specific personality traits (e.g. extraversion; emotional stability)

  6. The Integrated View

  7. Assessing Personality Traits • Personality Ratings • Situational Tests • Personality Inventories • Projective Techniques

  8. Personality Ratings • Typically involve the use of five or seven-point scales containing a list of adjectives acting as anchors for the scales • Approach is open to various interpretations of users • Improvement is seen when scales are tied to specific behavioral dimensions e.g. competitiveness • Observations of rater can distort results

  9. Situational Tests • Involve the direct observation of an individual’s behavior in a setting designed to provide information about personality • Very expensive • Less subjective than rating scales • Assessment in natural settings • Certain traits don’t lend to this

  10. Personality Inventories • The most widely used method of assessing personality characteristics • Ease of administration • Social Desirability is a potential problem, where people answer as they perceive they should and not according to their actual feelings

  11. Projective Techniques • Designed to probe subtle aspects of personality • Based on belief of individualistic interpretation • Types of Projective Techniques • Story Telling • Sentence Completion

  12. Story Telling • Good in standardized interpretation, reliability, and usefulness • Most widely used is TAT, Thematic Apperception Test • 20 Pictures, each portraying a social setting of ambiguous meaning

  13. Sentence Completion • Asks respondents to supply endings for a series of partial sentences • Best used when respondents have little to gain by faking answers • Team building exercises may appropriately use this technique

  14. Review • Individual personality has serious behavioral implications for organizations • Adult personality is the result of both heredity and environment • There are many ways to measure personality with varying accuracy and cost

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