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China

China. Fun Facts. China has 1.3 billion people which equates to 20% of the world’s population! The Chinese New Year is the first day of the lunar calendar based on the cycles of the moon.

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China

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  1. China

  2. Fun Facts • China has 1.3 billion people which equates to 20% of the world’s population! • The Chinese New Year is the first day of the lunar calendar based on the cycles of the moon. • There are twelve animals in the Chinese Zodiac! They are rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. A full Zodiac is 12yrs and a calendar cycle is 60yrs • The Great Wall of China can actually be seen from outer space! The wall was started 21/2 thousand years ago and is more than 5,000 km long! • You may not have known this but the compass, paper; gun powder and printing are all Chinese inventions! • When you write your name in China you put your family name first then your first name. There are no middle names. • We all know that chopsticks come from China. However, you probably didn’t know they were losing millions of acres of forest each year due to chopstick production. What a tremendous waste!  So now they are encouraging everyone to recycle their chopsticks instead of throwing them out. • It is estimated that 200 million people in China live on less than $1.00 a day!

  3. Map

  4. Physical Map

  5. Geography • 3,696,100 sq. mi. - 3rd largest country in the world

  6. Rivers • Huang He – Yellow river • Chang Jiang/Yangtze – Long River Yellow River Long River

  7. Taihang Mountains

  8. Qinling Mountains

  9. Lesson 2 • Two early civilizations existed in the Huang He and Chang Jiang river valleys • What is a legend? • Ex: ??? • Yu the Great

  10. Yu the Great and the Great Flood • It's said that a great flood lashed China about four or five thousand years ago and Yu the Great was assigned to fight against the great calamity. Drawing lessons from the predecessor's failure, he used methods of channeling and dredging instead of blocking and damming the water up. To better handle the people and eliminate the catastrophe, he divided the people into nine sections and dispatched them into nine different areas. Under his leadership, the flood water flowed into the sea through nine newly-dredged rivers. Over a decade's arduous works finally witnessed the victory of fighting against the disaster. Yu the Great became the personification of selfless devotion and perseverance in the history of Chinese civilization.

  11. Another legend • http://www.ancientchina.co.uk/time/story/sto_set.html • Other legendary figures include: • Fu Xi – inventor of writing, music, marriage, hunting, and fishing • Sui Ren – inventor of fire • ShenNong – promoted medicine and farming • Huandi – invented the wheel and calendar

  12. Importance of agriculture • 5000 B.C. farmers growing crops

  13. Xia and Shang (China’s Bronze Age) • Yu is the son of Gun • Gun failed to tame the flood and was executed • Yu succeeded in taming the flood • Yu and his son Qi start the Xia Dynasty • Around 1600 B.C. Tang the Successful conquered the Xia

  14. Shang Dynasty • Second Chinese dynasty • Started by Tang the Successful • Farmers • Strong belief in rituals and family • Religion • Worshipped ancestors • Gods – wind, rain, fire – directions – Shang Di “God on High” • Ancestors communicate with gods

  15. Shang Dynasty Weapons

  16. Ritual vessels

  17. Shang Dynasty oracle bones

  18. Contributions of the Shang • Weapons and chariots • Walled cities • Bronze items • writing

  19. Alphabet

  20. Chinese Pronunciations

  21. Chinese Characters • About 200,000 characters

  22. Chinese characters

  23. Lesson 3 • Zhou Dynasty comes after the Shang (start of classical China) • Farmers • 1150 B.C. attack and defeat the Shang led by King Wu • Mandate of Heaven • Zhou god was Tian or “Heaven” • Heaven did not like the Shang b/c they lacked virtues • Heaven ordered the Zhou to defeat the Shang and claim rule over all of China b/c they were more virtuous

  24. Social Classes • King and family at the top followed by the nobles and their families and the peasants and their families • Provide services for other classes!!! – this showed virtue • King – gave land to nobles – fief • Nobles – lived on land paid a tribute to the nobles • Peasants – lived on nobles land – did the labor – served in nobles army and paid taxes

  25. Zhou land

  26. The fall • Ruled carefully b/c they feared losing the Mandate of Heaven Book of Documents

  27. Fall cont. • Mandate of Heaven eventually weakened • Zhou were invaded • Boy who cried wolf story – King You • You dies • Power of nobles increases – made their lands independent – some began to call themselves kings • Chu Kingdom – created counties ruled by chosen leaders – bureaucracy • Zheng Kingdom – created written laws ( right and wrong)

  28. Confucius the teacher • Born about 551 B.C. • 1st teacher and philosopher in China

  29. What he taught • Studied life and its meaning • How to improve society • Government • Rulers should set good examples • Filial piety • Lunyu/Analects

  30. Confucius sayings • Be not ashamed of mistakes and thus make them crimes. • Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves. • Ignorance is the night of the mind, but a night without moon and star. • Men's natures are alike, it is their habits that carry them far apart. • To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage. • He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it. • Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees it.

  31. Qin Dynasty • 256 B.C. Zhou Kingdom falls • 221B.C. Qin Empire established – Militaristic society • Crossbows (10 centuries before they are used in Europe) • Three sided arrow heads (aerodynamic much like a modern bullet) • Fighting formation – front shoots then kneels, back row shoots while the front row is reloading (American Revolution) • Chrome was used over bronze to prevent rusting – patented in U.S. in the 1950’s • Weapons were the same, mass produced on an assembly line (Model T 1900’s) • They defeated the Han, Wei, Yan, Qi, Chu and Zhou to unite China – 1.2 million die to unite China • Qin Shi Huangdi – king of Qin Empire • United China – stays united for 2,000 yrs • This is one of China’s most important dynasties • Qin – China

  32. Weapons

  33. Qin Shi Huangdi – “Di” – Living god • Born circa 259B.C. • Leader in 246B.C. • Follower of Confucius • Changed philosophy to belief in strict laws • Li Si main advisor- Prime Minister of China Li Si Shi Hunagdi

  34. Shi Huangdi

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