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The Rise and Fall of Julius Caesar: Power Struggles in Ancient Rome

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Julius Caesar, born into a patrician family, emerged as a pivotal figure in Roman history. His rise to power was marked by military successes in Gaul and his role in the First Triumvirate alongside Crassus and Pompey. However, his growing power alarmed the Senate, leading to his assassination on the Senate floor by conspirators, including his friend Marcus Brutus. This act symbolized the profound fear of concentrated power and marked a crucial turning point in the decline of the Roman Republic. Understanding these events provides insight into the complexities of governance, ambition, and betrayal in ancient Rome.

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The Rise and Fall of Julius Caesar: Power Struggles in Ancient Rome

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  1. Vocab • Julius Caesar- Named dictator of Rome. He was later killed by the senate because they feared his power. • First Triumvirate- Made up of Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar. They ruled Rome as a Trio until hunger for power pitted them against each other.

  2. Warm Up 1. Why was the destruction of Carthage so important to Rome? 2. When finished…Grab a textbook and read from “The Republic Collapses” on page 160 to “Julius Caesar Takes Control on page 161. Answer the following question. • Why did the Roman Republic fall? Just list reasons.

  3. Why did the Republic Fall?

  4. The Rise of Julius Caesar and the fall of the Republic

  5. Why did the Republic fall?

  6. Julius Caesar • Rivalries between generals existed until an ambitious leader, Julius Caesar, emerged to bring order to Rome. • Upbringing • Born July 13, 100 or 102 BC • Patrician family; but lived in poor neighborhood • Uncle (6x Consul) was his inspiration • Military Success • Most famous for his victories in Gaul (northern Italy and France) • Defeated Pompey in Civil War for consulship • Began when Caesar crosses the Rubicon • “The Die is Cast” • Ends two years later with Pompey’s death in Egypt

  7. Political Life • Started as lawyer • Argued his way out of pirate capture • Organized First Triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey • Triumvirate: Rule by 3 • Elected Consul by age 40; then governor of Gaul • Senate appointed him dictator after defeating Pompey • Still consulted Senate

  8. Personal Life • Married 3 times; 1 daughter: Julia • Lived extravagantly • Reforms • Land reform, building campaign in Rome • Reorganized land and grain distribution • Initiated census • Rewrote laws on citizenship • Initiated term limits on governors

  9. Death • Assassinated • Senators stabbed him to death on floor of Senate • They were led by his best friend, Marcus Brutus • They feared his power

  10. Closing • Why did the Republic fall? Give a summary or major reason. • What is a Triumvirate? • Why was Caesar assassinated by the senators?

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