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Intro to Organic Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry. Study of molecules with carbon-carbon bonds . Organic & Inorganic Compounds. All organisms are made up of organic and inorganic compounds Organic compounds compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen

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Intro to Organic Chemistry

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  1. Intro to Organic Chemistry Study of molecules with carbon-carbon bonds

  2. Organic & Inorganic Compounds • All organisms are made up of organic and inorganic compounds • Organic compounds • compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen • called organic because they are mainly found in living things • Examples: enzymes, sugars, insulin

  3. Organic & Inorganic Compounds • Inorganic compounds • compounds that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen. • organisms do require certain inorganic substances to survive • Examples: water, salts, acids and bases

  4. STOP & JOT: Explain the difference between organic and inorganic compounds • Circle the molecule if it is organic, put a square around it if it is inorganic H2O C6H12O6 CO2NaCl C8H9NO2

  5. Carbon Bonding • Carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level • It wants eight to achieve stability • To fill its outer level it will form four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms or other elements • STOP & JOT: Why is carbon so good at forming bonds?

  6. Carbon-Carbon Bonding • Because carbon loves to bond to itself it can form many different arrangements • Ring • Straight • Branched branched ring straight

  7. Types of Bonding • Carbon can form three types of bonds • Single bond: 2 atoms share 1 pair of electrons • Double Bond: 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electrons • Triple Bond: 2 atoms share 3 pairs of electrons

  8. Monomers & Polymers • Monomers: small compounds, the “building block” • Monomers can be joined together to form polymers • Polymers: large compounds formed by monomers • Macromolecules: largest polymers • Examples: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

  9. STOP & JOT: The prefix mono means ___________. The prefix poly means ___________ Monomer Polymer

  10. Monomers & Polymers • Think about making houses • House are made from “bricks” • If you want to make different house, you have to use different bricks

  11. Monomers & Polymers • If you want to make different macromolecules you need to use different monomers (bricks) • Some monomers (bricks) builds proteins other monomers(bricks) build lipids

  12. STOP & JOT: Arrange the following from smallest to largest-- • Polymer, atom, monomer, macromolecule, molecule • Atom, molecule, monomer, polymer, macromolecule • Circle the picture that represents the monomer and put a square around the picture that represents the polymer

  13. Building Larger Molecules • Dehydration Synthesis (condensation reaction) • Takes smaller, simpler molecules (monomers) and combines them to form larger, more complex molecules with the removal of one WATER molecule

  14. Dehydration Synthesis STOP & JOT: In your own words, summarize a dehydration synthesis reaction

  15. Breaking Apart Large Molecules • Hydrolysis Reactions • This involves adding water to break apart large molecules into smaller ones. • This process can be repeated on huge polymers until it has been entirely split into its monomer units • STOP & JOT: How is hydrolysis different than dehydration synthesis?

  16. Keystone Quiz Carbon is unique due to the carbon atom’s • Six outer unpaired electrons. • Bonding properties. • Ionic compounds. • Hydrogen bonding strength.

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