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Basic Programming Concepts

Basic Programming Concepts. Definition: The process of developing the computer programs is known as C P. Computer program: It is set of instructions which enable particular processes to be performed by the computer. The program used by computer is known as computer software.

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Basic Programming Concepts

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  1. Basic Programming Concepts • Definition: The process of developing the computer programs is known as C P. • Computer program: • It is set of instructions which enable particular processes to be performed by the computer. The program used by computer is known as computer software. • Computer Programming Language: • Definition: It is set of symbols, conventions, rules used by the user to communicate with the computer. Computer can only accept the instruction for performing any tasks in a computer programming language.

  2. Factors of Good Programming Languages • Suitability for solving the problem • Easy coding • Easy debugging • Naturalness • Existing hardware and software support • Programmer productivity • Nature of Problem to be solved

  3. Steps in Computer Programming • Requirement identification • Program Design • Program Coding • Program Debugging • Program testing • Program Documentation • Program Maintenance

  4. Good Programming Practices: • The following are the principles of good programming practices • The program requirement must be in black & white • Programmer should keep the working paper • Error in program for correction • Changes required by user • Working paper must include Decision table and DFD • Programmer should keep the program short • Before program implementation the program should be tested. • Provisions for program amendments • Each version of program should be separately identified.

  5. Algorithm • Correct sequence of instructions needed to solve the problem under consideration is know as program logic. Sometime the program logic is referred as algorithm. • Definition: Algo is sequence of instructions designed in a manner that if the instructions are executed in the specified sequence the desired result can obtained.

  6. Pseudo code: • It is an imitation of actual computer instructions and are phrases written in ordinary language which could not be understood by the computer. Instead of using symbols in program flow chart pseudocode use structures which resembles with computer instructions. It is also known as program design language.

  7. Logic structure: • The logic of every program can be expressed by the use of three simple logic structures • sequence logic • selection logic • iteration logic • 1. Sequence logic is used for performing instruction one after the other in a sequence. • 2. Selection logic is used for selecting the proper path out of two more alternative paths in program logic. It is also known as decision logic. • 3. Iteration logic: • It is used to produce loops in program logic when one or more instructions are may be executed several times according to some condition.

  8. Sub-routine/sub-program: • It is a set of instructions designed to carry out a well defined arithmetical or logical operation which is not complete operation. They are used with main programs to perform a specific part of processing. • Advantages of sub-routines: • Saves the storage space • Programming time reduced • They can be written by the programmer not involved in writing the main program • Error locating is easy which is constructed by the use of sub routines

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