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Understanding Taxonomic Hierarchy and Systematics in Biology

This lesson aims to equip students with a fundamental understanding of taxonomic hierarchy, including the seven levels and the six kingdoms: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Fungi, Protista, Plantae, and Animalia. Learners will explore important concepts in systematics, including evolutionary systematics, homologies, analogies, numerical taxonomies, cladistics, and molecular systematics. By the end, students will be able to recite taxonomic levels, identify kingdoms, and distinguish between different systematics types, enriching their comprehension of biological classification and evolutionary relationships.

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Understanding Taxonomic Hierarchy and Systematics in Biology

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Today’s Objectives • TSW be able to recite the levels of taxonomic hierarchy. • TSW be able to name the six kingdoms • TSW be able to identify systematics types.

  2. Taxonomic Hierarchy What is a taxon? What are the 7 levels of hierarchy?

  3. A Note on NOMENCLATURE Carolus Linnaeus Binomial nomenclature system

  4. The Six Kingdom System • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Fungi • Protista • Plantae • Animalia

  5. Systematics • Evolutionary systematics • Organisms will resemble each other and their ancestor more than distant organisms • Homologies – result from common ancestry • Analogies – result from common evolutionary pressures

  6. Systematics • Numerical taxonomies • Organisms grouped according to mathematical formulae based on OVERALL similarities • Deal only with closely related taxa

  7. Systematics • Cladistics • Emphasize homologies – synapomorphies • Tries to show evolutionary relationships in a group • Produces cladograms

  8. Sample Cladogram

  9. Systematics • Molecular systematics • Molecular clocks • Compares sequences of amino acids or nitrogenous bases

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