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Blood Glucose

Anaerobic Glycolysis. Sarcolemma. Glycogen. Phosphorylase. Hexosephosphate Isomerase. (+) insulin. H K. Glucose. Blood Glucose. G-6-P. F-6-P. (-)ATP. PFK. ATP ADP. ATP ADP. F-1,6-P. ATP ADP. Aldolase. G3P DH. (2) 3PG. (2) 1,3 DPG. (2) G-3-P. DHAP. PG Kinase.

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Blood Glucose

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  1. Anaerobic Glycolysis Sarcolemma Glycogen Phosphorylase HexosephosphateIsomerase (+) insulin HK Glucose Blood Glucose G-6-P F-6-P (-)ATP PFK ATP ADP ATP ADP F-1,6-P ATP ADP Aldolase G3PDH (2) 3PG (2) 1,3 DPG (2) G-3-P DHAP PGKinase TriosephosphateIsomerase PG Mutase NADH+H+ NAD+ (2) 2PG Sarcoplasm To the ETS If O2 present Enolase (2) PEP ADP ATP PK (-)ATP Without O2 (2) Pyruvic Acid Lactic Acid LDH (-)ATP With O2 Alanine Transaminase Oxidative Metabolism Alanine Blue=enzymes Lt Blue-allosteric inhibitor/stimulators Red=ATP or ADP used or produced Pink=reduced/oxidized NAD Black Bold=intermediates in metabolism

  2. From Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Fatty Acids From Beta Oxidation Pyruvic Acid NAD+ PDH NADH+H+ PC CO2 Acetyl Co-A CS Oxaloacetic Acid Citric Acid Malate DH NADH+H+ Cis-Aconitic Acid NAD+ Malic Acid Mitochondria Isocitric Acid Fumerase NAD+ IDH Fumaric Acid NADH+H+ FADH2 Alpha Keto- Glutaric Acid SDH FAD+ ATP Succinic Acid ADP AKG DH NAD+ CO2 Succinyl Co-A Synthetase Succinyl Co-A Blue=enzymes Lt Blue-allosteric inhibitor/stimulators Red=ATP or ADP used or produced Pink=reduced/oxidized NAD/FAD Black Bold=intermediates in metabolism NADH+H+

  3. Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids Fatty Acid with “N” number of Carbons Co-A ATP AMP Thiokinase Molecule with a Co-A Attached FAD+ FADH2 Remaining Portion of the molecule (-) 2C Rearrange Molecule Cleave an Acetyl Co-A off of the molecule Add Water NAD+ Thiolase NADH+H+ Rearrange the molecule To the Kreb’s Cycle Triglyceride=Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids Broken down by Lipase

  4. The Electron Transport System NADH+H+ NAD+ Return to Glycolysis, Beta Oxidation or Kreb’s to be reduced FP1 ADP ATP FADH2 CoEnzyme Q FAD+ Cytochrome b Return to Glycolysis, Beta Oxidation or Kreb’s to be reduced ADP ATP Cytochrome c Cytochrome a ADP ATP Mitochondria Cytochrome a3 ½ O2 H2O

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