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Understanding Electron Arrangement in Atoms: A Guide to Bismuth’s Atomic Structure

This journal entry explores the arrangement of electrons within atoms, focusing on the case of bismuth (atomic number 83). It outlines the steps to draw atomic models, detailing the number of protons, neutrons, and energy levels. With bismuth having 83 protons and an atomic mass of approximately 209, it emphasizes construction of the atomic model by arranging electrons across various energy levels, highlighting how to fill electrons in accordance with their respective levels. This guide is essential for visualizing atomic structure in chemistry.

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Understanding Electron Arrangement in Atoms: A Guide to Bismuth’s Atomic Structure

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Journal Entry • Describe what you know about how electrons are arranged inside atoms. • Keep writing until I ask you to stop.

  2. Atomic Structure Drawing Atomic Models

  3. Step 1 • Re-number the groups (columns) from 1 to 8, ignoring transition metals.

  4. 83 p+ Step 2 • Find the number of protons (from the atomic number) • Bismuth: 83 • Draw those into the nucleus.

  5. 83 p+ 126 n Step 3 • Round the average atomic mass to the nearest whole number and use that as the mass number. • A= 209 • Subtract the atomic number from it to get the number of neutrons. • #n = 126 • Draw those into the nucleus.

  6. 83 p+ 126 n energy levels: 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Step 4 • Look at the period number of the row that the element is in. It tells you how many energy levels there are. • Period # = 6 • Draw that number of rings around the nucleus.

  7. 83 p+ 126 n 5e- energy levels: 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Step 5 • Look at the new group number to tell how many electrons are in the outermost energy level. • Group # = 5 • Fill in the number of electrons in that outer level.

  8. 2e- 8e- 18e- 5e- 83 p+ 126 n energy levels: 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Step 6 • Starting in the 1st energy level, fill in the maximum number of electrons in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd until you reach the outermost. • 1st = 2e- 2nd = 8e- 3rd = 18e-

  9. Step 7 • Find the number of electrons needed to finish the diagram and add those into the 4th-6th energy levels using 8, 18 and 32 electrons only. • Find the combination that adds electrons to all levels left and still adds up to the correct number total. • The inner level(s) should always have more than the outer.

  10. 2e- 8e- 18e- 32e- 18e- 5e- 83 p+ 126 n energy levels: 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Step 7 • already added to diagram (2 + 8 + 18) + 5 = 33e- • Need to add to diagram 83 – 33 = 50 e- in 4th and 5th • 18 + 32 = 50 • 32 must be in 4th and 18 must be in 5th.

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