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Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosoma cruzi. Endemic to Mexico, South America and Central America, infecting 8-11 million people there It is associated with poverty and poor housing because the insects that carry the disease can live in cracks and holes of poorly constructed houses made out of thatch, and mud

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Trypanosoma cruzi

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  1. Trypanosoma cruzi

  2. Endemic to Mexico, South America and Central America, infecting 8-11 million people there • It is associated with poverty and poor housing because the insects that carry the disease can live in cracks and holes of poorly constructed houses made out of thatch, and mud • T. cruzi, causes Chagas disease or American Trypanosomiasis.

  3. Transmission • This parasite is transmitted by a different type of blood-sucking arthropod, genus Triatoma, Rhodnius also known as “kissing bugs” byScratching • Ingestion of food contaminated with parasites • Blood transfusion • Fetal transmission

  4. amastigote trypomastigote

  5. Chagas Disease • Acute stage: Immediate reaction to infection • Only occurs in about 1% of people infected • Swelling of the eye, tiredness, fever, rash, loss of appetite • Can be fatal for infants, young children and immunocompromised recipients • Lesion (chagoma) at site of inoculation • Resolve over a period of a few weeks or months • Indeterminate : 60-70% 8 to 10 weeks after infection • No symptoms • Chronic: 30-40 % 10 to 20 years after infection • Enlarged heart and digestive tract • Can result in heart failure (Potentially fatal if untreated) • Little effective therapy (toxic drugs/low cure rates)

  6. Chagas' disease Most recognized Symptoms Of Acute phase • Chagoma:inflammatory response at site ofinfection. • Romaña sign:bilateral edema (unilateral) is due to entry of the infectious agent is through the eye: unilateral conjunctivitis.

  7. Most recognized symptoms of chronic phase

  8. Diagnosis • Microscopic examination: • fresh anticoagulated blood • thin and thick blood smears stained with Giemsa • Serology: • IFAT • CFT  • IHAT • ELISA   • Isolation of the agent: • inoculation in culture with specialized media • inoculation into mice • xenodiagnosis

  9. Prevention Most effective approach Insecticides Education Improving housing conditions Sanitation Testing of blood donors

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