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Chapter 8 Southeast Asia

Chapter 8 Southeast Asia. Notes 8-1 Mainland Southeast Asia (pages 210–214). Did You Know?.

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Chapter 8 Southeast Asia

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  1. Chapter 8Southeast Asia

  2. Notes 8-1Mainland Southeast Asia (pages 210–214)

  3. Did You Know? • Popular spectator sports in Southeast Asia include soccer and a form of boxing that allows hitting with any part of the body. The favorite participant sport is chinlon, in which a ball of woven cane is passed from player to player by hitting it with the feet, knees, or head.

  4. I. Myanmar (pages 210–212) A. Myanmar, once called Burma, has mountain ranges and two wide rivers—the Irrawaddy and the Salween.

  5. I. Myanmar (pages 210–212) B. Myanmar has tropical and subtropical climates influenced by monsoons, or seasonal winds that blow over a continent for months at a time.

  6. I. Myanmar (pages 210–212) C. Most people farm. Factories produce and export such goods as soap, noodles, paper, textiles, and glass bottles. Myanmar also exports precious gems like rubies, sapphires, and jade.

  7. I. Myanmar (pages 210–212) D. About 75 percent of the world’s teakwood is produced here. Myanmar’s forests are decreasing because of deforestation, or the widespread cutting of trees.

  8. I. Myanmar (pages 210–212) E. The most densely populated part of the country is the fertile Irrawaddy River valley.

  9. I. Myanmar (pages 210–212) F. Buddhism is the main religion.

  10. I. Myanmar (pages 210–212) G. Once part of BritishIndia, Myanmar became an independent republic in 1948. Since then, military leaders have turned Myanmar into a socialist country. Socialism is an economic system in which most businesses are owned and run by the government.

  11. II. Thailand (page 212) A. The country’s main waterway is the ChaoPhrayaRiver.

  12. II. Thailand (page 212) B. Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country that has never been a Europeancolony. Thailand still has a king and royal family.

  13. II. Thailand (page 212) C. Thailand’s main agricultural exports are rubber and teakwood, and the country is one of the world’s leading exporters of tin and gemstones. Tourism is also an important industry.

  14. II. Thailand (page 212) D. Most manufacturing takes place near Bangkok, the capital.

  15. II. Thailand (page 212) E. Most Thais are Buddhists, and about 80 percent live in rural villages.

  16. III. Laos and Cambodia (pages 212–213) A. Landlocked Laos is covered by mountains and has a fertile area along the Mekong River, Southeast Asia’s longest River.

  17. III. Laos and Cambodia (pages 212–213) B. Laos is economically poor. The Communist government only recently allowed tourism.

  18. III. Laos and Cambodia (pages 212–213) C. Farmers grow rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, and corn.

  19. III. Laos and Cambodia (pages 212–213) D. Industry in Laos is largely undeveloped because of isolation and years of civil war. The country lacks railroads and has electricity in only a few cities.

  20. III. Laos and Cambodia (pages 212–213) E. For many years Cambodia was a rich farming country that exported rice and rubber. By the 1980s, its economy was in ruins because of years of civil war and harsh Communist rule.

  21. III. Laos and Cambodia (pages 212–213) F. Most of Cambodia’s people belong to the Khmer ethnic group, and about 80 percent of the people live in ruralvillages. The rest live in cities such as the capital, Phnom Penh. Buddhism is Cambodia’s main religion.

  22. III. Laos and Cambodia (pages 212–213) G. Cambodia used to be ruled by the French until it became independent in 1953. In 1993 Cambodia brought back its king.

  23. IV. Vietnam (pages 213–214) A. Vietnam borders the Gulf of Tonkin, the South China Sea, and the Gulf of Thailand. In the north and south are fertile river deltas.

  24. IV. Vietnam (pages 213–214) B. Farming takes place in the river deltas. Wood and fish are important resources.

  25. IV. Vietnam (pages 213–214) C. Vietnam has the largest population in Southeast Asia. Most people are Buddhist.

  26. IV. Vietnam (pages 213–214) D. Vietnamese Communists drove out the French rulers in 1954. The Communist government controlled northern Vietnam, while an American-supported government ruled the south. In the 1960s, fighting between these two groups led to the VietnamWar.

  27. IV. Vietnam (pages 213–214) E. The Vietnam War was costly. The United States withdrew its forces in 1973. The Communists soon recaptured the south.

  28. Notes 8-2Island Southeast Asia (pages 216–219)

  29. Did You Know? • Some Indonesians, especially the Javanese, have only one name. This includes the country's first two presidents, Sukarno and Suharto.

  30. I. Indonesia (pages 216–217) A. Southeast Asia’s largest country, Indonesia, is an archipelago of more than 13,600 islands.

  31. I. Indonesia (pages 216–217) B. Indonesia sprawls over an area where two of the earth’s tectonic plates meet. Tectonic plates are the huge slabs of rock that make up the earth’s crust. Indonesia’s location on top of these plates causes it to experience earthquakes.

  32. I. Indonesia (pages 216–217) C. The major islands of Indonesia are Sumatra, Java, and Celebes. Borneo and New Guinea are two other large islands shared with other countries.

  33. I. Indonesia (pages 216–217) D. The volcanoes that formed Indonesia have left a rich covering of ash that makes the soil good for farming.

  34. I. Indonesia (pages 216–217) E. Foreign companies build factories on the island of Java because labor is inexpensive. In addition, the island’s location makes it easy to ship goods.

  35. I. Indonesia (pages 216–217) F. Nearly half of all Indonesians work in agriculture. Indonesia has large reserves of oil and naturalgas, as well as minerals and wood.

  36. I. Indonesia (pages 216–217) G. Indonesia has the fourth-largest population in the world. It is also one of the world’s most densely populated countries.

  37. I. Indonesia (pages 216–217) H. Most people belong to the Malay ethnic group and speak BahasaIndonesia, the official language. It has more Muslims than any other country.

  38. I. Indonesia (pages 216–217) I. Indonesia was once an important trade center. It gained its independence from Dutch rule in 1949.

  39. I. Indonesia (pages 216–217) J. Since the 1960s, unrest and civil war have occurred on several islands. A civil war is a fight among different groups within a country.

  40. II. Malaysia (page 218) A. Dense rain forests and rugged mountains make up the landscape of Malaysia.

  41. II. Malaysia (page 218) B. Malaysia is one of the world’s leaders in exporting rubber and palm oil. It also exports wood and is rich in minerals such as tin, iron ore, copper, and bauxite, as well as oil and natural gas.

  42. II. Malaysia (page 218) C. Factories make high-tech and consumer goods. Malaysia’s ports are important trade centers.

  43. II. Malaysia (page 218) D. The ancestors of most Malaysians came from southern China about 4,000 years ago. Most are Muslim.

  44. III. Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines (pages 218–219) A. Singapore lies off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It is made up of Singapore Island and 58 smaller islands. It is one of the world’s smallest countries, yet it has one of the most productive economies.

  45. III. Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines (pages 218–219) B. The city of Singapore has one of the world’s busiest harbors. It is a freeport, a place where goods can be loaded or unloaded, stored, and shipped again without payment of import taxes. There are also many factories.

  46. III. Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines (pages 218–219) C. Founded by the British, Singapore became independent in 1965.

  47. III. Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines (pages 218–219) D. Oil and gas provide about half of Brunei’s income, but the government is investing in new industries.

  48. III. Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines (pages 218–219) E. Brunei’s citizens receive freeeducation and medicalcare, and low-cost housing, fuel, and food.

  49. III. Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines (pages 218–219) F. All political and economic decisions are made by Brunei’s ruler, or sultan, who governs with a firm hand.

  50. III. Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines (pages 218–219) G. The Philippines is an archipelago of more than 7,000 islands.

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