Europe, the Americas, and Africa

1. Europe, the Americas, and Africa

2. Conquest in the Americas • The Conquistadors • Herman Cortez in Mexico • Fall of the Aztecs • “Broken spears lie in the road;/We have torn our hair with grief./The houses are roofless now, and their walls are red with blood”

4. REASONS FOR THE EUROPEANS’ SUCCESSFUL CONQUESTS 1. SUPERIOR MILITARY TECHNOLOGY • CAVALRY • GUNS & CANONS • ARMOR • HUGE SHIPS • CONFIDENCE 2. DISEASE -NATIVE POPULATION DECREASES -DEMORALIZATION OF NATIVES -DIMINISHED FAITH

5. CENTRAL AMERICAN GOLD & SILVER • AFTER CONQUERING THE INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS, THE SPANISH BEGIN EXPORTING HUGE SUMS OF GOLD AND SILVER FROM CENTRAL AMERICA TO SPAIN • WHAT BENEFITS DID THIS HAVE FOR THE SPANISH? • WHAT PROBLEMS MIGHT THIS WEALTH BRING?

6. Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas • How did Spain rule its empire in the Americas? • The Catholic Church-(GOD ) • Spanish & Portuguese Missionaries flood the New World in search of new souls to save • Plantation Economy • First demanded labor from the Native Americans • (Encomiendas) • African Slave trade begins • Bartolome de las Casas • A conquistador turned priest

7. Colonial Society and Structure Using your notes/the text book fill in the social class pyramid

8. Blackbeardthe infamous pirate wasknown for his grotesque appearance and for rubbing tallow in his hair prior to battle and lighting it just before the fight

9. Captain Kidd • originally hired by the British crown to be a privateer against the French, Kidd turned to piracy and represents the romantic ideals of piracy

10. Capt. Morgan • Similar to Sir Francis Drake, Captain Morgan was originally encouraged by the British crown to harass Spanish cargo ships with the intent of stealing their goods

11. Struggle for North America What problems did settlers in New France face? What traditions of government evolved in the 13 English colonies? How did competition for power affect Europeans and Native Americans?

12. Land Claims in the Americas About 1750

13. Building a new France Due to its harsh climate and vast wilderness, the population of New France grew slowly.

14. The 13 English Colonies-Self Government “We, whose names are underwritten…having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith…a voyage to plant [a] colony in the [Americas]…do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal laws…as shall be thought most [fitting] and convenient for the general good of the colony.”- Mayflower Compact People in the English colonies enjoyed representative self-government and political rights and freedoms

15. Competing for Power • During the 1700s, Britain and France clashed in a worldwide struggle, known as the Seven Years’ War. • In North America, they battled each other in the French and Indian War. • The Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the world-wide war, ensured British dominance in North America.

16. The Atlantic Slave Trade Enslaved Africans shipped across the Atlantic to work on tobacco and sugar plantations in the Americas. Europeans relied on African rulers and traders to seize captives in the interior and bring them to coastal trade posts and fortresses. The slave trade intensified as the demand for slaves increased in the Americas and the demand for luxury goods increased in Africa.

17. Triangular Trade

18. 4 Destinations of Enslaved Africans, 1500–1870

19. Impact of the Slave Trade By the 1800s, an estimated 11 million enslaved Africans had reached the Americas. Another 2 million probably died during the Middle Passage.

20. Changes in Europe How did European explorations lead to a global exchange? What impact did the commercial revolution and mercantilism have on European economies? How did these changes affect ordinary people?

21. Columbian Exchange • When Columbus returned to Spain in 1493, he brought with him “new” plants and animals. Later that year, he returned to the Americas with some 1,200 settlers and a collection of European animals and plants. • In this way, Columbus began a vast global exchange that would have profound effect on the world.

22. European Economy The opening of direct links with Asia, Africa, and the Americas had far-reaching economic consequences for Europeans. • Issues of Inflation • Investment in business • Expanded trade and the push for overseas empires spurred the growth of European capitalism, the investment of money to make a profit. • European monarchs adopted a new economic policy, known as mercantilism, aimed at strengthening their national economies. • Take in less than you put out-Export more products then you buy