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Roy Holt JLab Users Group Meeting 15-18 June 2008

Introduction to the Electron Ion Collider. Roy Holt JLab Users Group Meeting 15-18 June 2008. The “big picture” (for Ron). Our ancestors lived in caves for about 7600 generations. The nucleus was discovered less than three generations ago.

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Roy Holt JLab Users Group Meeting 15-18 June 2008

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  1. Introduction to the Electron Ion Collider Roy Holt JLab Users Group Meeting 15-18 June 2008

  2. The “big picture” (for Ron) • Our ancestors lived in caves for about 7600 generations. • The nucleus was discovered less than three generations ago. • We are the first generation to study QCD and the Standard Model. Our species is about 8000 generations old. We are just beginning to understand the nature of visible matter.

  3. What is the Electron Ion Collider? The EIC has different meanings for different labs. 9-GeV electrons on 150-GeV protons -> Ee = 1440 GeV for fixed target 140-GeV electrons on 7-TeV protons -> Ee = 2080 TeV for fixed target ~ 1015 eV highest energy cosmic rays ~ 1020 eV

  4. EIC Kinematics and Luminosity • The EIC has: • a c.m. energy greater than COMPASS or FNAL E665. • a luminosity of 100 to 5000 x HERMES. • polarized electron/positron and light ion beams (not LHeC). • nuclear targets. 109 JLab@12 GeV Luminosity(*1030/cm2/s) 108 107 JLab 106 ELIC 105 107 104 LHeC eRHIC 103 102 HERMES HERA-collider 101 COMPASS 100 CM energy (GeV) 10 1 D. Hasch

  5. EIC White Papers 2007 – an astounding year • The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) White Paper • The GPD/DVCS White Paper • Position Paper: e+A Physics at an Electron Ion Collider • The eRHIC machine: Accelerator Position Paper • ELIC Zero’th Order Design Report • Available at: • NSAC LRP2007 home page • Rutgers Town Meeting page • http://www.bnl.gov/eic

  6. The EIC Working Group 17C. Aidala, 28E. Aschenauer, 10J. Annand, 1J. Arrington, 26R. Averbeck, 3M. Baker, 26K. Boyle, 28W. Brooks, 28A. Bruell, 19A. Caldwell, 28J.P. Chen, 2R. Choudhury, 10E. Christy, 8B. Cole, 4D. De Florian, 3R. Debbe, 26,24-1A. Deshpande*, 18K. Dow, 26A. Drees, 3J. Dunlop, 2D. Dutta, 7F. Ellinghaus, 28R. Ent, 18R. Fatemi, 18W. Franklin, 28D. Gaskell, 16G. Garvey, 12,24-1M. Grosse-Perdekamp, 1K. Hafidi, 18D. Hasell, 26T. Hemmick, 1R. Holt, 8E. Hughes, 22C. Hyde-Wright, 5G. Igo, 14K. Imai, 10D. Ireland, 26B. Jacak, 15P. Jacobs, 28M. Jones, 10R. Kaiser, 17D. Kawall, 11C. Keppel, 7E. Kinney, 18M. Kohl, 9H. Kowalski, 17K. Kumar, 2V. Kumar, 21G. Kyle, 13J. Lajoie, 16M. Leitch, 27A. Levy, 27J. Lichtenstadt, 10K. Livingstone, 20W. Lorenzon, 145. Matis, 12N. Makins, 6G. Mallot, 18M. Miller, 18R. Milner*, 2A. Mohanty, 3D. Morrison, 26Y. Ning, 15G. Odyniec, 13C. Ogilvie, 2L. Pant, 26V. Pantuyev, 21S. Pate, 26P. Paul, 12J.-C. Peng, 18R. Redwine, 1P. Reimer, 15H.-G. Ritter, 10G. Rosner, 25A. Sandacz, 7J. Seele, 12R. Seidl, 10B. Seitz, 2P. Shukla, 15E. Sichtermann, 18F. Simon, 3P. Sorensen, 3P. Steinberg, 24M. Stratmann, 22M. Strikman, 18B. Surrow, 18E. Tsentalovich, 11V. Tvaskis, 3T. Ullrich, 3R. Venugopalan, 3W. Vogelsang, 28C. Weiss, 15H. Wieman,15N. Xu,3Z. Xu, 8W. Zajc. 1Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL; 2Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India; 3Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY; 4University of Buenos Aires, Argentina; 5University of California, Los Angeles, CA; 6CERN, Geneva, Switzerland; 7University of Colorado, Boulder,CO; 8Columbia University, New York, NY; 9DESY, Hamburg, Germany; 10University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; 11Hampton University, Hampton, VA; 12University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL; 13Iowa State University, Ames, IA; 14University of Kyoto, Japan; 15Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA; 16Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM; 17University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA; 18MIT, Cambridge, MA; 19Max Planck Institüt für Physik, Munich, Germany; 20University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI; 21New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM; 22Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA; 23Penn State University, PA; 24RIKEN, Wako, Japan; 24-1RIKEN-BNL Research Center, BNL, Upton, NY; 25Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland; 26SUNY, Stony Brook, NY; 27Tel Aviv University, Israel; 28Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA -95 Scientists, 28 Institutions, 9 countries • Steering Committee • Abhay Deshpande, Stony Brook, RBRC (Co- Chair/Contact person) • Rolf Ent, Jlab • Charles Hyde, ODU/UBP, France • Peter Jacobs, LBL • Richard Milner, MIT (Co-Chair/Contact person) • Thomas Ulrich, BNL • Raju Venugopalan, BNL • Antje Bruell, Jlab • Werner Vogelsang, BNL

  7. NSAC 2007 Long Range Plan “An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with polarized beams has been embraced by the U.S. nuclear science community as embodying the vision for reaching the next QCD frontier. EIC would provide unique capabilities for the study of QCD well beyond those available at existing facilities worldwide and complementary to those planned for the next generation of accelerators in Europe and Asia. In support of this new direction: We recommend the allocation of resources to develop accelerator and detector technology necessary to lay the foundation for a polarized Electron Ion Collider. The EIC would explore the new QCD frontier of strong color fields in nuclei and precisely image the gluons in the proton.”

  8. Introduction The EIC will explore the most compelling issues in nuclear science and technology. • Profound issues in nuclear physics • Structure of visible matter • Role of gluons in hadronic matter • Fundamental symmetries • New facilities on the horizon • International activities • Concluding statement

  9. Explore the structure of visible matter • What is the internal landscape of the hadron? • Benchmark: Spatial, spin, flavor and gluonic structure • What is the nature of the nuclear force that binds protons and neutrons into nuclei? • Frontier: QCD properties of nuclear force • Mysteries: QCD effects in nuclei “If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generation, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is the atomic hypothesis, that all things are made of atoms -- little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another. In that one sentence, there is an enormous amount of information about the world, if just a little imagination and thinking are applied.” - R. Feynman

  10. Explore the structure of the nucleon • ep PhysicsWorking Group • Antje Bruell, JLAB • Ernst Sichterman, LBL • Werner Vogelsang, BNL • Christian Weiss, JLAB • Parton distribution functions • Longitudinal and transverse spin distribution functions • Generalized parton distributions • Transverse momentum distributions S. Kuhn, Z.-E. Meziani, J. Conrad, F. Myhrer, A. Bacchetta, J. Qiu, S. Niccolai, C. Roberts, F. Benmokhtar, B. Sawatzky

  11. Explore the structure of the nucleon (continued) Neutron structure function – JLab C. Keppel et al S. Kuhn Strange quark distribution - HERMES What about charm quark distribution? Spectator forward tagging: minimize deuteron structure Forward tagging also necessary for : DVCS, diffraction, forward N structure fns, …

  12. Q2 form factors PDFs t … Generalized Parton Distributions D. Hasch S. Niccolai DVCS is the “golden mode”.

  13. GPD’s provide a 2D spatial image as a function of x Consider “Dirac” GPD: H(x,t) eg, choose r, J/y meson: sensitive to gluons C. Weiss

  14. Explore the structure of the nucleon (continued) Transverse Spin and Momentum Distributions • Harut Avakian – “Welcome to the exciting world of 3D parton distributions.” • Transversity, Sivers, Boer Mulders, … • Alessandro Bacchetta “EIC, a precision machine for TMD’s” • “Proof of principle” - Ralf Seidl - measure transversity, Collins fragmentation function, determine tensor charge HERMES +COMPASS + Belle Prokudin - DIS 2008 J. Qiu - Sivers effect for gluon, detect D-meson

  15. QCD and the Origin of Mass Most of the proton’s mass arises from QCD dynamics • Higgs mechanism has a small role. • Current quarks contribute negligible mass. • Gluons have a huge role. Comparison of lattice “data” with Dyson-Schwinger calculations C. Roberts’ talk

  16. Explore gluon-dominated matter • What is the role of gluons and gluon self-interactions in nucleons and nuclei? NSAC-2007 • Gluon dominance in the proton Gluon distribution G(x,Q2) • Scaling violation in F2: dF2/dlnQ2 • FL ~ as G(x,Q2) • inelastic vector meson production (e.g. J/) • diffractive vector meson production ~ [G(x,Q2)]2 • … EIC: most precise measure of gluon densities

  17. Recent progress – direct FL measurements from HERA EIC – an FL factory

  18. Explore the low energy precision frontier “The task of the physicist is to see through the appearances down to the underlying, very simple, symmetric reality.” - S. Weinberg Preliminary - EIC • What are the unseen forces present at the dawn of the Universe but have disappeared from view as the universe evolved?precision electroweak experiments: sin2qW , … Questions for the Universe, Quantum Universe, HEPAP, 2004; NSAC Long Range Plan, 2007 Relatively high x -> charge symmetry violation? The LHC is driving global interest in low energy tests of the Standard Model. T. LeCompte, R. Young

  19. What new facilities are essential to this quest? eRHIC ELIC “We recommend the allocation of resources to develop accelerator and detector technology necessary to lay the foundation for a polarized Electron-Ion Collider.” NSAC LRP 2007 See Yuhong Zhang’s talk • DetectorWorking Group • Elke Aschenauer, JLAB • Edward Kinney, Colorado • Bernd Surrow, MIT • Electron Beam Polarimetry • Wolfgang Lorenzon, Michigan • Energy recovery • Crab cavities • Ion cooling • SRF cavity improvement

  20. World Community in 2015 and Beyond • Three new major facilities investigating nuclear physics at hadronic level (QCD): FAIR, J-PARC and 12-GeV JLab • Two new facilities that explore nuclei at the partonic level: RHIC with upgrades and the LHC • Two new proposed facilities that can carry our field to the next level: EIC, Proton Driver or Project X (FNAL) • Petascale computing facilities will be “standard”, Exascale will be on the way. • Outstanding opportunities for the future

  21. The International Picture • NuPECC activities • EIC study group approved at the meeting in Bucharest on 10/27/2007 with G. Rosner, chair • Charge is to produce a report outlining: • The science possibilities • The interest among European groups • Possible links with proposals outside Europe • Glasgow meeting in Fall 2008.

  22. The International Picture(continued) • OECD (Organization forEconomic Co-operation and Development) Global Science Forum • Nuclear Physics Working Group- report on ‘optimal evolution of Nuclear Physics at an international level during the next 10-15 years’ • Membership – 14 countries • Two projects may be ‘Global’ due to size (report: May 2008) • EURISOL • EIC

  23. The International Picture(continued) • First ECFA-CERN Workshop on the LHeC - Divonne, France 1-3 Sept 2008 • Based on advice from the CERN Council, ECFA (European Committee for Future Accelerators) and CERN have expressed interest in receiving a Conceptual Design Report for an electron/positron proton/ion collider using LHC hadron beams. • 40-140 GeV leptons with protons between 1000 and 7000 GeV • Deliver CDR by 2010

  24. Columbus’ vision Look! Purple mountains! Spacious skies! Fruited plains! … Is someone writing this down? - adapted from G. Larson Yes! white papers, NSAC LRP 2007, but we need an even more compelling case by next NP LRP (2012-13)

  25. Concluding Statement • EIC research can penetrate some of the most profound mysteries and questions of 21st century physics. • Technology is improving at an astounding rate: • Accelerator design, cavity improvement, energy recovery, … • There are many new opportunities worldwide. The next 10 years will be even more exciting than the last 10 years. • A most compelling case must be put forward for the EIC on the timescale of 2012, the next LRP. • It will be extraordinarily interesting to see what the 8001st generation brings. “Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn’t do than the ones that you did do.” - Mark Twain

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