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Chapter 25 Mechanical Immobilization

Chapter 25 Mechanical Immobilization. Purposes of Mechanical Immobilization. Mechanical immobilization is usually used to treat musculoskeletal trauma in order to: Reduce pain and muscle spasms; support and align skeletal injuries

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Chapter 25 Mechanical Immobilization

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  1. Chapter 25 Mechanical Immobilization

  2. Purposes of Mechanical Immobilization Mechanical immobilization is usually used to treat musculoskeletal trauma in order to: Reduce pain and muscle spasms; support and align skeletal injuries Restrict movement and maintain functional position while injuries heal; allow activity while restricting movement of injured area

  3. Question Is the following statement true or false? Mechanical immobilization of a body part can relieve muscular pain.

  4. Answer True. Most clients who require mechanical immobilization have suffered trauma to the musculoskeletal system. Mechanical immobilization relieves muscular pain and spasms.

  5. Splints Splint types include: Emergency Commercial Inflatable Traction

  6. Question Is the following statement true or false? A splint is a device that mobilizes and protects an injured body part.

  7. Answer False. A splint is a device that immobilizes and protects an injured body part. Splints are used before or instead of casts or traction.

  8. Emergency Splints

  9. Inflatable Splints

  10. Traction Splints

  11. Other Splints Commercial splints More effective than improvised splints Include: Immobilizers Molded splints, cervical collars

  12. Mechanical Immobilizing Devices • Slings • Braces • Types of braces • Prophylactic • Rehabilitative • Functional

  13. Question Is the following statement true or false? Braces that allow protected motion of an injured joint that has been treated operatively are called rehabilitative braces.

  14. Answer True. Braces that allow protected motion of an injured joint that has been treated operatively belong to the category of rehabilitative braces.

  15. Rehabilitative Brace

  16. Casts Casts are used to immobilize injured body structures Types of casts Cylinder (may be bivalved) Body (may be bivalved) Spica

  17. Cast Materials

  18. Cast Application (Refer to Skill 29-1 in the textbook.)

  19. Casts (cont’d) Cast application and care Cast removal Electric cast cutter may frighten clients due to noise Skin care important after cast removal

  20. Basic Cast Care

  21. Traction Traction is used to: Reduce muscle spasms Realign bones Relieve pain Prevent deformities

  22. Traction (cont’d) Traction types include: Manual Skin Skeletal

  23. Traction (cont’d) Traction care External fixator Pin site care to prevent infection Effective traction depends on consistent application of traction principles

  24. Skin Traction

  25. Traction Care (Refer to Nursing Guidelines 25-3 in the textbook.)

  26. Principles for Maintaining Effective Traction

  27. External Fixators Metal devices surgically inserted into or through one or more broken bones to stabilize during healing

  28. Question An external fixator is inserted through which body part? a. Nostrils b. Broken bones c. Mouth d. A gaping wound in the leg

  29. Answer b. Broken bones An external fixator is a metal device inserted into and through one or more broken bones to stabilize fragments during healing.

  30. Nursing Implications Nursing diagnoses include: Acute pain; impaired physical mobility or bed mobility Risk for disuse syndrome, peripheral neurovascular dysfunction, impaired skin integrity, ineffective tissue perfusion Self-care deficit: bathing/hygiene

  31. Risk for Peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction

  32. General Gerontologic Considerations Common causes of hip fractures in older adults Longer healing time due to brittle bones Stiffer joints due to decreased synovial joint fluid

  33. General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d) Due to diminished tactile sensation, older adults may be unaware of skin pressure from cast, brace, etc. Remove indwelling catheters as soon as possible after surgery to prevent incontinence and urinary tract infections Cautious use of narcotics for pain management to avoid adverse effects

  34. General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d) Implement measures to increase bone density in older adults to prevent fractures: Drink liquid supplements high in nutrients; include protein, calcium, and zinc in diet to promote healing in a musculoskeletal injury Encourage sun exposure for vitamin D absorption

  35. General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d) Post-orthopedic surgery interventions for older adults Bladder training schedules to maintain or regain continence Appropriate rolling technique when using fracture-style bedpan

  36. General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d) Nonsurgical treatment of fractures of the upper extremities includes: Immobilization Occupational and physical therapy to regain function and range of motion

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