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UNIX Programming Essentials: Introduction to Shell and Kernel

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Dive into the fundamental aspects of UNIX programming, from understanding computer structure to mastering file system commands. Explore shell scripting, commands for file manipulation, file permissions, shell variables, I/O redirection, and text processing tools. Learn about processes, subshells, editors like vi and emacs, and essential UNIX control codes. Gain the knowledge needed to create and run programs effectively on a UNIX system.

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UNIX Programming Essentials: Introduction to Shell and Kernel

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Lecture 1: Introduction, Basic UNIX Advanced Programming Techniques

  2. Why are we here? What’s a computer Why do we run programs? What is needed to create a program?

  3. Applications Shell \ Kernel (OS) Hardware Structure of a typical OS There are many standard applications: • file system commands • text editors • compilers • text processing

  4. Connecting • Create Acct • www.cs.drexel.edu/Account.php • Cluster • PuTTY/SSH • Log in • Password

  5. Looking Around • Home directory • Startup and customization files • public_html • Files/dirs • cd, pwd, ls • Filesystem • Absolutle • Relative

  6. Commands for Files Looking around ls, pwd, cd, pushd, popd Files/dirs rm, cp, mv, mkdir, rmdir, ln Viewing cat, less (more), od, w3m, pdftotext, antiword Comparing diff, cmp

  7. Commands for Archiving • tar – Tape Archive • makes a large file from many files • Compression gzip, gunzip, bzip, compress

  8. File Permissions • Three types: • read abbreviated r • write abbreviated w • execute abbreviated x • There are 3 sets of permission: • user • group • other (the world, everybody else)

  9. ls -l and permissions -rwxrwxrwx UserGroup Others Type of file: - –plain file d –directory s – symbolic link

  10. Bourne-again Shell (bash) • Shells • Startup • Types • Alias, shell builtin, disk utility (program) • Syntax • Options, args

  11. man Pages man info

  12. Some commands man, info date, cal who,finger du, df, quota

  13. Basic control codes • Ctrl-D (^D) • set ignoreeof • Ctrl-C (^C) • Ctrl-U (^U) • Ctrl-Z (^Z) • Ctrl-L (^L)

  14. Shell metacharacters • Some characters have special meaning to the shell: • I/O redirection < > | • wildcards * ? [ ] • others & ; $ ! \ ( ) space tab newline • These must be escaped or quoted to inhibit special behavior

  15. Shell Variables • Values • Assignment • Reading • Common ones: • PATH, PS1, HOME, USER, HOSTNAME, PWD

  16. Shell options set built-in noclobber, ignoreeof, vi, -n Alias, hashing

  17. I/O 3 (4) files – stdin, stdout, stderr, stdlog Redirection Pipes

  18. filters • Unix philosophy • Everything's a file • Text processing • Some common filters… • wc, tr, grep, sort, cut, awk, uniq, head, tail, wc

  19. Quoting Escape char Strong quoting Weak quoting

  20. Processes, Subshells • ps,pid, ppid • Exported variables • Background processes, &, ctrl-Z • jobs, kill

  21. Editors • A text editor is used to create and modify text files. • The most commonly used editors in the Unix community: • vi (vim on Linux) • $ vimtutor • emac • $ emacs • Then, hit ctrl-h t (that’s control-h, followed by ‘t’) • You must learn at least one of these editors

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