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Expressing desire with ほしい • want (something) • い-adjective • Subject of sentence must be the speaker or the listener of the conversation. クッキがほしいです。 Ipod がほしいです。
～がる ,～たがるshowing signs of~ Note of caution: These forms typically have a negative connotation. So unless you are sure of how to use them, I recommend not doing so. This expresses the desires of another person not present in the conversation (usually). You will usually hear this form in the following form: い-adjective(minus い) +がっています。 Verb stem/ + たがっています。 ~がる conjugates as an u-verb For both verbs and い-adjectives, the object only takes を
～がっている ジョンさんはクッキがほしがっています。 John wants a cookie. ジョンさんはとうきょうに行きたがっています。 John wants to go to Tokyo.
We learned last chapterと言っていました. This is the way you will most likely say someone wants something. This is instead of ほしがっています, whichis not used that often. It is more likely you will hear someone quoting someone withと言っていました. : スミスさんはクッキーを食べたいと言っていました。 Smith said he would like to eat a cookie.
The context for use of these forms: VERY different ~でしょう/だろう。 -indicates probability or conjecture - with rising intonation to ask for confirmation (do not use with someone of high status.) -if used in a question is more polite than desu. -often used in weather forcasts. -～でしょうか used to seek opinion of someone ～かもしれない/かもしれません - Not sure but willing to make a guess. - Probably is 50% or lower. ～かしら(females only!)/かな(both male and female) - Used to make comment but the referent is yourself. - this is not to ask a direct question but solicit information indirectly. Indirectness is a core social value in Japanese! なかま２第一か
うち／そと Ingroup vs Outgroup is an important concept in Japanese. The main idea is that everyone you come into contact with will be grouped depending on your relationship with them and the others in that particular situation. Who is ingroup and outgroup can usually be easily determined, but you need to use your common sense to make this understood.
うち／そと http://athome.nealrc.org/part_2/5_1.html Listentothetwoexamples. How is the language you here reflect the うち／そとrelationships.
～あげる／くれるto give あげる I give to you You give to others. I give to others Somebody gives to somebody else. Ot Others You I Somebody gives me. You give me. Somebody gives you. くれる
～あげる／くれるTo give あげる／あげます (giver) は／が(recipient) に くれる／くれます (giver) gives to (recipient) （私は）友だちに花をあげました。 友だちが(私に）花をくれました。 I gave my friend a flower. My friend gave me a flower.
～もらうTo receive (recipient) は／が(giver) に／から もらう (recipient) receives from (giver) （私は）友だちに／から花をもらいました。 I received a flower from my friend.
Seniors くださる さしあげる あげる I you he/she くれる くれる あげる／ やる Juniors
Three type of verbs expressing idea of giving and receiving あげる (Give outgroup）type <giver> が <receiver> に＋ あげる（さしあげる） <thing> を もらう (Receive) type <receiver> が <giver に／から＋ もらう（いただく） <thing> を くれる (Give ingroup) type <giver> が <私／ingroup> に＋ くれる（くださる） <thing> を
Showing respect • In the last slide I included some terms for showing respect (さしあげる、いただく、くださる）In order to show your respect to someone in a position above you, you need to use specific verbs. This is just the beginning of learning these types of forms. If you get them now, great. If not, there will be more time later to understand them.
Worksheets １．Fill out the worksheet as explained. 2．Gap exercise Forthis, need to use forms for expressing that the 先生 is of a higher status. 例：私は先生に花をさしあげました。 先生に時計をいただきました。
～たらどうですか • Used after past tense verb to indicate advice or recommendation. • It typically should not be used unless advice is sought. You visityour sensei’s office hours for help. She says: 毎日、日本語をすこし勉強したらどうですか。
How to record for practice for your presentation. Go to the following site and http://vocaroo.com/. You should be able to enter in my email address and send me a recording of your practice. You may rerecord if you are not happy with what you produced. Try to send the best recording you can.
～Number+も／Number+しか+Negative • As many as noun が／を + number + counter + も 猫を三匹も飼っています。 • As few as noun が／を+ number + counter + しか+ negative verb ペンを一本しか持っていません。
