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The Nineteenth Century

The Nineteenth Century. Kind of. Kind of. Jeffersonian Democracy. “ Revolution of 1800”- democratic and peaceful transition of power- wow – JA defeated Kept the financial plan Removed the Alien and Sedition Act Reduced the size of the debt, army

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The Nineteenth Century

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  1. The Nineteenth Century Kind of Kind of

  2. Jeffersonian Democracy • “Revolution of 1800”- democratic and peaceful transition of power- wow – JA defeated • Kept the financial plan • Removed the Alien and Sedition Act • Reduced the size of the debt, army • Louisiana Purchase 1803- strict interpretation of the Constitution?- nation of farmers • J Marshall, S Court- increased power of the SC • Marbury v Madison 1803 – “judicial review”

  3. Jefferson Democracy • Tripoli War 01-05 - Barbary Pirates- Semper fi • Embargo Act 1807- no trade, big mistake • opposed by NE Federalists • Sent US into severe economic depression • Forced US to rely on their own industry • Non-Intercourse Act 1809- Awkward? • Repealed the Embargo Act- trade with all nations except GB and France

  4. Era of Good Feeling 1816-24 • Strong nationalism after War of 1812 • Death of the Federalists- one party system (D-R) • Look west • Henry Clay’s “American system”- Bank of US, Tariffs, internal improvements • Florida purchase 1819 • Monroe Doctrine 1823

  5. Jacksonian Democracy • Two party system • Whigs- (Clay) northern industry • Democrats (Jackson)- common folk, states rights, spoils sys • Kill the Bank of the US • Spoils System • Kitchen Cabinet • More democratic? • Reforms-abolition, women, temperance, public ed

  6. Sectionalism 1820-1860 • Missouri Compromise 1820 • Mo, Maine, 36’’30’ • Jefferson- “fireball in the night” • Texas independence 1836- Whigs oppose annexation • Regionalization • NE industry, Ind. Rev., transportations sys, tariffs • South- no tariffs, defends slavery • West breadbasket- tied to the east

  7. Sectionalism continued • Mexican Cession 1848 • Compromise of 1850 • Gadsden Purchase 1853 • Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 • Dred Scott 1857 • John Brown, Harper’s Ferry VA 1859 • Election of 1860

  8. Reform Movements • Second Great Awakening-salvation through public revivals, birth of new denominations; stimulated reform movements • Abolitionism • Temperance • Women’s Movements • 1848 Seneca Falls, Anthony, Stanton • Women to college • Property ownership • Public Education- publicly funded

  9. Westward Expansion • War Hawks want expansion as early as War of 1812 • Convention of 1818- US border with Canada • Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 Florida • Missouri Comp 1820 • Black Hawk War 1832 • Indian Removal Act 1830 • Cherokee v Georgia 1831 • Trail of Tears

  10. Manifest Destiny • Texas Annexation 1845 • Oregon Trail 1840s • Oregon Country Treaty 1848 • Mexican War 1846-48 • Mexico won’t sell California- Polk pissed • Z Taylor invades- Battle of Buena Vista • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 • Gadsden Purchase 1853 • Alaska Treaty 1867

  11. Slavery • E Whitney Cotton Gin • Missouri Comp • Nat Turner Rebellion 1831 • Abolition? – TJ “we have a wolf by the ears” • American Colonization Society • W L Garrison, The Liberator 1831 • Grimke sisters- Angelina and Sarah • Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World- D Walker 1829 • F Douglas • Uncle Tom’s Cabin – HB Stowe 1852 • Underground RR- Harriet Tubman

  12. Slavery continued • Gag Rule- congress bans talk of emancipation in 1836 • Wilmot Proviso 1848- ban slavery in Mex Cession- not passed • Comp of 1850-Cal/Fugitive slave law/DC/pop sov in Mex Cession • Kan-Neb- S Douglas wants a RR • Bleeding Kansas- civil war in Kansas- free soilers vs. pro-slavers- J Brown • Preston Brooks beats Charles Sumner in congress • Birth of Republican Party- oppose expansion of slavery • Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858 • Establishes Lincoln as a national candidate, validates the Rep party • Dred Scott- not a citizen • Election of 1860- last straw for South, SC secedes first • April 14th 1861 Ft Sumter, SC

  13. US Civil War 1861-1865 • Anaconda Plan- blockade, Miss, Richmond • First Bull Run 1861- fist land battle • Shiloh, TN Grant wins • Antietam 1862- Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation • Gettysburg 1863, turning point • Vicksburg 1863 Union controls the Mississippi • Grant’s drive to Richmond 1864-65 • Appomattox Lee surrenders • Lincoln assassinated by J W Booth April 1865

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