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Research group on Mental health and subjective health complaints

Research group on Mental health and subjective health complaints. Leif Edvard Aarø Department of Education and Health/ Research Centre for Health Promotion. Team 1: Support and stress f rom near social ties. Maurice B. Mittelmark, Professor, Ph.D. (PI), President of the IUHPE

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Research group on Mental health and subjective health complaints

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  1. Research group onMental health and subjective health complaints Leif Edvard Aarø Department of Education and Health/ Research Centre for Health Promotion

  2. Team 1:Support and stress from near social ties Maurice B. Mittelmark, Professor, Ph.D. (PI), President of the IUHPE Delia Brancila, Post doc., M.Phil. Mette Aanes, Research Scholar, M. Phil. Students from the international master’s programme

  3. BSRSThe Bergen Social Relationships Scale • Think about everyone (children, parents, siblings, spouse or significant other, neighbours, friends, colleagues and others you know) while you answer the following: • There are people in my life that i care about, but who dislike one another • There is a person in my life that needs my help, but whom I don’t know how to help • There is an important person in my life that wants to support me, but who often hurts my feelings instead • There is a person that I have to be around almost daily that often henpecks me • There are people that make my life difficult because they expect too much care and support from me • There is someone I care about that expects more of me than I can manage • Describes me very well; Describes me quite well; Does not describe me very well; Does not describe me at all Mittelmark, M.B., Aarø, L.E., Henriksen, S.G., Siqveland, J., & Torsheim, T. (2004). Chronic stress in the community and associations with psychological distress: A social psychological perspective. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 6 (1), 4-16.

  4. The Bergen Social Relationships Scale (BSRS)CONCLUSIONS FROM NINE STUDIES • The respondents’ comprehension was relatively homogeneous • Conceptually different from ”neighbouring” concepts • More women than men report three or more stressors • The scale predicts anxiety and depression at least as much as other social support/network variables combined • Studies in Rumenia and Thailand have supported the psychometric properties and predictive power of the BSRS • New, large-scale studies in Sweden and Hungary have taken on board the BSRS scale

  5. BPWSThe Bergen Personal Worries Scale A new scale was developed by Mittelmark and Bancila in 2005 – The Bergen Personal Worries Scale (BPWS). This instrument is meant to be used with the BSRS, and therefore interpersonal stress is excluded from this scale.

  6. Team 2: Relationships Frode Thuen, Professor, Ph.D. (PI) Øystein Mortensen, Research Scholar, Cand. psychol. Research scholars at Bergen College and elsewhere

  7. Empirical study How are two personality factors (optimism and perceived control) related to psychological adaptation after marital disruption? Sample: 658 recently divorced persons Findings: Optimism predicts psychological adaptation (beta=.53) Perceived control predicts psychological adaptation (beta=.12) The assoiation between optimism and psychological adaptation increases with decreasing control Thuen, F. & Rise, J. (2006). Psychological adaptation after marital disruption: The effects of optimism and perceived control. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47, 121-128.

  8. Relationships Relationship education in Norway is presented as a partnership between governmental organizations and NGO’s Preliminary data on the Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP) are presented ”In general, participants evaluate the workshops positively. It is important to tailor relationship education to fit the various customs, beliefs, and challenges of couples attending programs” Thuen, F., Tafjord Lærum, K. (2005). A public/private partnership in offering relationship education to the Norwegian population. Family Process, 44, 175-185.

  9. Popularization: TV-series Radio interviews Books Magazines Oral presentations

  10. Team 3:Disability pensions and mental health • Arnstein Mykletun, Post. doc., Ph.D. (PI) • Simon Øverland, Cand. Psychol., Research scholar (NFR) • Børge Sivertsen, Ph. D., Post. doc. (UoB) • Five students from the psychology programme at UoB • External network of collaborators: • Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, University of London, • Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo • Network for Psychiatric Epidemiology

  11. An innovative approach Data from large-scale community health surveys (HUSK, HUNT) are merged with data from disability pension award registries and death registries in order to examine a set of otherwise untestable research questions. Mykletun, A., Øverland, S., Dahl, A.A. et al (2006). A population-based cohort study of the effect of common mental disorders on disability pension awards. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1412-1418.

  12. Competitive advantage Such merging of data from different sources is made possible by the Norwegian system for person identification – the person number system. Mykletun, A., Øverland, S., Dahl, A.A. et al (2006). A population-based cohort study of the effect of common mental disorders on disability pension awards. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1412-1418.

  13. Historical cohort design This historical cohort study used mental and somatic health data obtained from the Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag County (the HUNT-study) carried out from August 1995 until June 1997. Disability pension award outcomes over a 2-year follow-up period after baseline assessment were obtained from the National Insurance Administration. Mykletun, A., Øverland, S., Dahl, A.A. et al (2006). A population-based cohort study of the effect of common mental disorders on disability pension awards. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1412-1418.

  14. Mental disorders – underestimated? Anxiety and depression were robust predictors of disability pension awards in general, even when disability pensions awarded for any mental disorder were excluded. The cost of common mental disorders is terms of disability pensions and lost productivity may have been considerably underestimated by official statistics, particularly for younger claimants. Mykletun, A., Øverland, S., Dahl, A.A. et al (2006). A population-based cohort study of the effect of common mental disorders on disability pension awards. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1412-1418.

  15. Team 4:Subjective health complaints Hege Eriksen, Director, Adjunct Professor, Ph. D. Holger Ursin, Professor Emeritus, Ph.D. 1 post doc 4 research scholars A comprehensive network of collaborators

  16. The Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress (CATS) Alarm Activation Load Stress Response Stress Stressor Stimuli Stimulus expectancy Training “Strain” Sustained Activation Brief Anabolic Response outcome expectancy

  17. Norwegian Network for Back Pain – The Research Unit Established at the Univeristy of Bergen 1999 Head: Holger Ursin Research relevant to rehabilitation, and primary prevention of back pain

  18. Long term sickness compensation 1997 2001 2002 2004

  19. Common denominators • Health (mental health, subjective health complaints) • The adult population • Community settings • Theory-based studies • Use of questionnaires and scales for the measurement of health, risk factors, and protective factors • Implications for primary prevention and health promotion

  20. Complementary strengths • High production of doctoral theses • Popularization skills • Innovative research designs • Skills in analyses of data from large-scale studies • Skills in development of scales • Practical applications in rehabilitation, primary prevention and health promotion

  21. The Ringelmann effect Kg. power pulled pr. person Number of persons pulling together Kravitz,D.A. & Martin,B. (1986).Ringelmann rediscovered: the original article. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 936-41.

  22. Social loafing Social loafing is reduced when: • Each individual’s contributions are monitored • There are wel defined standards for individual achievements • The tast is engaging (involving) • Group cohesiveness Latané,B. Williams,K. & Harkins,S. (1979). Many hands make light work: the causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 822-832.

  23. Maurice Mittelmark Frode Thuen Hege Eriksen Arnstein Mykletun

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