Psychology 203 Human Development

1. Psychology 203 Human Development Psychosocial Development In Middle Adulthood Chapter 16 Part taken from Human Development 9e

2. Middle AdulthoodLooking at Life Course • Objectively – look at trajectories or pathways • Subjective side – people actively construct their sense of self and the structure of their lives • Individual pathways intersect or collide with family members, friends and acquaintances, and strangers Part taken from Human Development 9e

3. Middle AdulthoodLooking at Life Course • Work and personal roles are interdependent and are affected by trends in the larger society • Life course affected by • Cohort • Gender • Ethnicity • Culture • Socioeconomic status Part taken from Human Development 9e

4. Change at MidlifeClassic Theoretical Approaches • Normative-Stage Models • Carl Jung: Individuation and Transcendence (*turn inward to express previously suppressed aspects of personality ) • Healthy midlife development calls for individuation, emergence of the true self through balancing or integrating conflicting parts of the personality • Women emphasize expressiveness and nurturance • Men primarily oriented toward achievement Part taken from Human Development 9e

5. Change at MidlifeClassic Theoretical Approaches • Normative-Stage Models • Erick Erikson: Generativity versus Stagnation (turning outward) • Generativity is concern of mature adults for establishing and guiding the next generation Part taken from Human Development 9e

6. Change at MidlifeClassic Theoretical Approaches • Timing of Events: Social Clock • Development hinges on important life events • Launching children • Becoming grandparents • Changing jobs or careers • Retirement Part taken from Human Development 9e

7. Self at MidlifeIssues and themes • * The midlife crisis is brought on by the awareness of one's mortality • Midlife Crisis • Stressful life period precipitated by the review and reevaluation of one’s past, typically occurring in the early to middle forties Part taken from Human Development 9e

8. Self at MidlifeIssues and themes • Identity • * Accumulated perceptions of the self, both conscious and unconscious and a person’s self-perceptions are confirmed or denied throughout a person's lifetime and adjustments are made to this view Part taken from Human Development 9e

9. Self at MidlifeIssues and themes • Identity Assimilation • Effort to fit new experience into an existing self-concept • Identity Accommodation • Adjusting the self-concept to fit new experience • Challenge to identity schema • Accommodative people – seek to maintain a youthful self-image at all costs • Accommodative people – see themselves as old and become preoccupied with aging and disease Part taken from Human Development 9e

10. Self at MidlifeIssues and themes • Narrative Psychology – Identity as a Life Story • Gender Identity • Men more open about • Feelings • More interested in intimate relationships • More nurturing • Women more • Assertive • Self-confident • Achievement oriented Part taken from Human Development 9e

11. Psychological Well-Being • * Positive mental health involves a sense of psychological well-being and a healthy sense of self. In worldwide surveys, most people of all ages, both sexes and all races, report being happy with their lives Part taken from Human Development 9e

12. Psychological Well-Being • Six dimensions of Will-Being • Self-Acceptance • Positive relationship with others • Autonomy • Environmental Mastery • Purpose in life • Personal Growth Part taken from Human Development 9e

13. Psychological Well-Being • Milddle age woman • Prime of Life • Young enough to be in good health • Old enough to have launched their children • Work • Greater • Confidence • Involvement • Security • Breadth of personality Part taken from Human Development 9e

14. RelationshipsMarriage • Marriage on the whole is very satisfying • * Some research suggests that marital satisfaction over a lifetime appears to follow a U-shaped curve; this means that satisfaction is highest in the early years of a marriage and then again in late adulthood Part taken from Human Development 9e

15. RelationshipsMarriage • * Married couples are likely to have another "honeymoon" period after the last child leaves home • Long-standing marriages build up marital capital holding marriages together • Financial • emotional Part taken from Human Development 9e

16. Relationships with Maturing Children • Parenthood is a process of letting go • * When the last child leaves home, the father that is more involved with his profession would be most likely to find the transition difficult  Part taken from Human Development 9e

17. Prolonged Parenting • Revolving door syndrome (boomerang phenomenon) • Tendency for young adults to return to their parents’ home while getting on their feet or in times of financial, marital, or other trouble Part taken from Human Development 9e

18. Contact and Mutual Help • * Young adult women how recently married is most likely to remain in close contact with parents?  • * Typically, adult children and their elderly parents generally get along well with each other Part taken from Human Development 9e

19. Becoming a CaregiverFor aging parents • * Middle-aged daughter are more likely to care for an ill elderly person   • * The "sandwich generation" refers to adults who are caring for children and elderly parents simultaneously Part taken from Human Development 9e

20. Preventing Caregiver Burnout • Caregiver Burnout • * Respite care • Supervised care by visiting nurses or home health aids daily, weekly, or for an occasional weekend Part taken from Human Development 9e

21. Grandparenthood • * Stepgrandparents  • May have difficulty establishing close relationships with stepgrandchildren. • May help strengthen the relationship between stepchild and stepparent. • Offer expanded opportunities for love and nurturing of the children. Part taken from Human Development 9e

22. Grandparenthood • Raising Grandchildren • Increasing in US • Teenage pregnancy • Parent substance abuse • Parent Illness • Parent Divorce • Parent Death Part taken from Human Development 9e