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Unreinforced Masonry Buildings

Explore the impact of earthquakes on unreinforced masonry structures and retrofitting solutions to enhance seismic safety. Learn about failure modes and examples, retrofitting methods, laws, and conclusions from experiments.

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Unreinforced Masonry Buildings

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  1. Unreinforced Masonry Buildings By: Erica and Laura Garcia

  2. Abstract • The affect of earthquakes on un-reinforced masonry buildings and solutions to reduce the damage of future earthquakes.

  3. What is an Un-reinforced Masonry Building? • Brick and mortar • No Reinforcement (steel re-bars) • An earthquake will Push and Pull on the bricks and so it causes the bricks to crack.

  4. Experiment • Sugar Cubes (brick) • Peanut Butter (mortar)

  5. Failure of Masonry Structures • Typical failures occur in: • Walls • Windows, doors • Unsymmetrical plan of building

  6. Failure Modes • Shear • Sliding shear • Bending

  7. Un-reinforced Masonry

  8. Shear

  9. Examples • Wall Failure Shear Failure

  10. Bending

  11. What is retrofit? • Retrofitting is the way that many buildings are reinforced to better withstand the shaking of an earthquake.

  12. Ways to retrofit • Fiber reinforced polymers • Steel reinforcement • Dampers (shock absorbers) • Connection of walls properly to roof and floor, windows and doors • Increasing shear strength

  13. Retrofitted Sugarhouse

  14. Steel Bolts

  15. Steel Braces

  16. Laws Passed • After each major earthquake the state of California has established new laws to improve seismic safety • The Field Act (1933) and Garrison Act (1939) • Hospital Seismic Safety Act (1972) • The Hospital Facilities Seismic Safety Act (1994) • Un-reinforced Masonry Building Law (1986)

  17. Conclusion After experimenting with our model and researching the topic of masonry buildings we conclude that the un-reinforced masonry structures are more vulnerable to damage than the reinforced structure during an earthquake. The reinforced structure can withstand greater magnitudes of earthquakes and more earthquakes than the un-reinforced structures.

  18. Works Cited • http://www.sandiego.gov/development-services/industry/urmexamples.shtml • http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/earthquakes/MasonryBrick/PlainBrickMasonry.htm • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/icons/thumb/14/14_288.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/slideset/14/14_thumbs.shtml&h=58&w=87&sz=2&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=RaCiWVL7Ng2ADM:&tbnh=51&tbnw=77&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dunreinforced%2Band%2Breinforced%2Bmasonry%2Bbuildings%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN • http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/office/ganderson/es10/lectures/lecture18/lecture18.html

  19. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to Andreas Stavridis Jonathan Deck Professor Benson Shing Jerry Lederman Bridget Smith Allison Jacobs

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