Africa-RISING Quick Feed Project Synthesis Workshop, Addis Ababa, 3-4 September 2012

1. Assessment of Feed Intervention in LemuBilbilo District, Arsi Highlands, EthiopiabyM. Yami, T. T.haimanot, E. Lemma, B. Begna and T. EtanaKulumsa Agricultural Research CenterEIAR Africa-RISING Quick Feed Project Synthesis Workshop, Addis Ababa, 3-4 September 2012

2. Site Description • A survey was conducted in Lemu- Bilibilo district, located in Arsi zone, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. • Lemu-Bilbilo district is located about 235 km South - East of the capital Addis Ababa on the highway towards Bale zone • The area receives an annual rainfall of around 1100mm, of which more than 85% is during the main rainy season (June to November). • And the average annual temperature ranges from 6 to 26C.

3. Criteria for Site Selection • Lemu-Bilbilo was purposively selected based on its dairy potential in consultation with District Agricultural Experts • BekojiNegessokebele was selected from 27 kebeles in the district based on: • accessibility • dairy production potential

4. FEAST Characterization of the Farming and Livestock Production Systems and the Potential of Feed-based Interventions for Enhancing Productivity through Improved Feeding in Lemu-Bilbilo District, Arsi Highlands, Ethiopia Objectives • To gain an understanding of the overall farming and livestock production systems, and • To identify key areas of the feeding strategy that could improve livestock productivity

5. Methodology • Three villages (Cheffa, Mirtilaman and Tulu-Negeso) were randomly selected from the BekojiNegeso PA • A total of 36 farmers were purposively selected on the basis of SLF results from the villages • And the selected farmers were categorized into three groups; above average, average and below average. • Then, 9 farmers each from the above average and 9 the below average were selected for individual interviews using semi-structured questionnaires.

6. Overview of the farming systemContribution of household income • (a) • (b)

7. Livestock production system • (a) • (b)

8. Feeds and feeding: Seasonality • (a) Both roups

9. Feeds Quality – Dry Matter b. Below averages a. Above averages

10. Feeds Quality – Metaboilze Energy a. Above averages b. Below averages

11. Feeds Quality – Crude Protein a. Above averages b. Below averages

12. Problems and constraints

13. Opportunities • Opportunities that contribute to the improvement of the sector do exist in the area. These opportunities are: • Accessibility of all-weather road in the district as well to the PA • Good agro-ecology with favorable climate • The emphasis given to livestock production by the government • The existence of high demand for livestock products due to population pressure • The possibility to obtain more benefits on smaller plots of land

14. Areas of intervention • Awareness creation trainings on: • the utilization of improved technologies (improved foragesand feeding techniques) particularly to the farmers in the below average group. • how to get credit, about the repayment periods and amount of credit offered. • Accessessingthe farmers with credit or cash with reasonable amount or loan repayment periods • Assigning numbers of well-trained effective AI and Vet technicians at the reasonable sites in the district. • Development of herbaceous forage legumes and fodder trees species which can mitigate the constraints of feed scarcity.

15. Techfit

16. Prioritization of Feed Technologies using TechFit Background • Shortage and poor quality of feed is the major constraint. • National and international research programs in the past have generated a range of improved forage and feed technologies. • One of the reasons for lack of adoption could be absence of means of selecting feed technologies fit to a specific location. Objective: To rank and prioritize suitable feed technologies for Bekoji Negeso kebele of Lemu-BilbiloWereda using tech fit.

17. Methodology • Pre-filter of technologies • context relevance and impact potential scores (to screen technologies that are not fit to the area. • Main filter of technologies – Based on • Technology attributes scores (1-5) by experts. • Context attributes scores (1-5) by farmers. • Scope for improvement • Cost benefit analysis Comparison of estimated cost and benefit of each technology based on assumption.

18. Result and Discussions • Pre-filter of technologies Based on impact potential and context relevance from 48 technology options the major 12 technologies were dropped regarding their relevance to the study area. Reason for technology dropping:- Unavailability of the technology to the area. less adaptable to the area. unaffordable to small scale farmers • Main filter technologies Among them supplement with home produce local breweries, feeding of home grown legumes, use of weed cut grass and tree leaf, refreshing and mixing of CRs before storage and feeding were accordingly favored by the tool and got higher rank as compared to other technologies. • These technologies were further subjected for cost benefit analysis.

19. Feed technologies selected using the Tech Fit tool

20. Benefit cost analysis of the best bet technologies/cow/day in Ethiopian Birr at Bekoji Negesso Kebele

21. cont. • The result showed that technology which stood first Home produce local breweries was found economically best profitable by giving economical advantage of 0.50 CBR while Feeding of home grown legumes stood least by 0.30 CBR

22. Challenges/Limitations • Estimation of cost benefit analysis of the best bet technologies was based on assumption. • The feed technology options were more dependent on availability of attributes regardless of potential to the area.

23. Lessons learned • Generate ideas for feed interventions depending on the existing farming system • It was helpful to guide thinking and ensuring that the suggestions for feed improvement take into account system constraints such as land, labor, credit and input delivery • The tool tries to match context scores like availability of land, labor, etc. with list of candidates of feed technologies to come up with short list of promising options. • Tech fit helps to guide thinking of researchers and development workers on feed technology prioritization.

24. VCA

25. Assessment of Dairy Value Chain in Arsi Highlands :The Case of Lemu-Bilbilo District • The main objective of the study was to undertake an assessment of the dairy value chain actors of the study area. • The following specific objectives of the study are: • Carrying out analysis of the commercial viability of smallholder dairy farming and margin analysis for different milk marketing channels; • To Identify the key constraints and opportunities of milk and milk products marketing; • To propose simple and practical intervention areas, which helps to facilitate milk and milk products marketing that brings sustainable change.

26. Methods of data collection and data sources • Value Chain Analysis approach (VCA) was used. • Review of literature • Secondary data from different sources, • Primary data collected using focused group discussion , key informants & personal observations. • 41 farmers from three villages were used for FGD • Discussed with Experts in Livestock Agency, Cooperatives promotion office, Vet drug vendors , Trade promotion office, • KII with cooperatives, cheese & butter traders, milk collectors & processor.

27. Results of Dairy Value Chain Analysis

28. Figure 2: Raw and skimmed milk marketing routes

29. Figure 3 : Butter marketing routes

30. Figure 3: Cheese marketing route

31. Marketing channels Figure 4: Dairy marketing channels

32. Three main market channels for raw milk produced in Limu-Bilbilo district with which it reaches to final consumers. • The final consumers’ in the study area is pre-urban and urban individual consumers, hotels and cafeterias. • Channel 1- Milk consumed by pre-urban individual consumers in the study area • Channel 2 – Milk consumed by Urban Individual consumers in the study area • Channel 3 – Milk consumed by Hotels and cafeteria

33. Margins and Value addition

34. Major constraints • Constraints at Input supply Stage • Inadequate availability and skills of AI technicians • Low quality and poor timeliness of AI and animal health service • Information gap on credit services • Unavailability of demonstration sites on improved forage production in Farmers Training Centers (FTC) • Absence of bull and heifers distribution centers • Production stage • Feed shortage • Very high price of industrial by - products • Lack of knowledge regarding improved feed formulation • Non market oriented production • Processing and marketing Stage • Insufficient capacity of processing machines • Lack of cooling facilities

35. Legal and Institutional Constraints • Weak coordination between union, primary cooperatives and farmers • Existence of too many unlicensed traders • No vertical linkage b/n cooperatives and others • Market infrastructure • Sanitation Problem of milk products • Support service providers • Capacity gap among extension agents and agricultural experts in provision of training on feed formulation techniques

36. Prioritized constraints • Feed shortage • Low quality and poor timeliness of AI and animal health service • Inadequate availability and skills of AI technicians • Lack of knowledge regarding improved feed formulation • Information gap on credit services

37. Opportunities available • Recently connected to major urban centers with good asphalt roads. • Favorable climate and weather conditions with relatively abundant pasture land for expanding the smallholder dairy productions. • Availability of progressive farmers who have adopted the practice of keeping improved dairy cows.

38. Conclusions • Demand for milk & milk products increases with the increase in • population • urbanization, and • recent connections of the area with good asphalt roads. • However, milk supply is below the expected level and could not able to meet this growing demands due to; • Shortage of feed • High price of industrial –by products • Low genetic make up of available animals • Inadequate & inefficient AI services • Absence of institutions in the supply of improved bull and heifers • Lack of knowledge regarding improved feed formulation • Information gap on credit services

39. Recommendations • Encourage the development of improved forage. • Trainings on improved forage developments and feed conservations in the form of hay or silage. • Trainings of farmers on improved feed formulation techniques • Improve AI service • In-service training of local service providers: • To enhance the technical skills and knowledge of AI technicians’ short term trainings and refresher courses on relevant areas of dairy management will be the right direction. • Training on community bull selections • Training of farmers on AI services, especially heat detections and reporting

40. Create regular stakeholder forum • This initiative will enable them to discuss common problems, find solutions to them and strengthens networking between dairy value chain players. • Sensitization training on credit service terms and condition • Micro-finance institutions need to create a platform for organizing training in credit service terms and condition for both dairy producer farmers and dairy cooperatives.

41. Thank You