Freshman Health

1. Freshman Health

2. Rules of the room • Be in the room when the late bell rings • Be prepared for class with folder and writing utensil • Make sure you have a contact person to get any work missed due to a lab or absence from school • Be respectful • Get involved • We are available before and after school in the locker room offices or training room.

3. Course grading • 50 points for tests • 50 points for packets

4. Course overview • Self improvement • Decisions/communication • Fitness • Tobacco • Alcohol/drugs • Sexual activity

5. Self-Esteem • What is self-esteem? • A measure of how much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself. • Having integrity • Doing what you know is right, not necessarily what everyone else is doing

6. Self-Esteem • Benefits of high self-esteem include an increased: • Respect • Someone who takes care of themselves – won’t do things to harm themselves • Ability to reach goals • set realistic, attainable ones • Willingness to try • do not get discouraged easily • Feelings of value • Feel they are valuable to family, school and community

7. Team Hoyt Self-Esteem http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flRvsO8m_KI

8. Decision Making • How many decisions have you made today? • Decisions you make not only affect your health, they can also affect the health of others. • Examples: • Drinking and driving • Sexual activity

9. Consequences • The results of your actions or decisions

10. GREAT Decisions G ive thought to the problem R eview your choices E valuate consequences A ssess and choose best choice T hink it over afterward • When you have a major or difficult decision to make you should discuss it with others: • Parents • Friends • Teachers/coaches

11. Poor Decisions • Remember, everyone makes mistakes • When you make a poor decision • Admit it – take responsibility • Think about who you can talk to • Do your best to correct the situation

12. Randy Pausch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BODHsU3hDo4

13. Communication • Communication is the process in which two or more people exchange information • How do we communicate? • Speak • Text • Body language • What three things are needed? • Sender • Receiver • Message • When one of these is missing, misunderstandings occur

14. Communication • Empathy • Understanding someone’s feelings • Communication is important for • Preventing misunderstandings • Building healthy relationships • Expressing yourself

15. Communication Styles • Passive • Offering no opposition • Aggressive • Hostile and unfriendly • Assertive • Direct and respectful – showing empathy • Most healthy approach

16. Communication Who's on First http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aehzwwD2II&feature=related

17. Diet • Teens need to eat right to grow • How do you eat when you have a busy schedule? • Fast food • Don’t eat – skip meals • During teen years, body experiences a major growth spurt so you need more • Energy • Proteins • Vitamins • Minerals

18. Diet • Healthy food vs. Junk food – (list on board) • Fiber • Aids in digestion and can help prevent some cancers and heart disease • Nutrients • Substances in food which provide energy or growth • Nutrient density • Measure of nutrients in a food compared with the energy it provides • “Empty” calories • Foods/drinks that fill you but provide few nutrients for all the calories • Example: chocolate bar = 200 calories and few nutrients

19. Diet • Can you still have the candy bar? • Yes, but just one • Moderation and balance • Junk food is only a problem when it makes up a large portion of your diet • Choose better snacks

20. Diet - Water • Water • You can only live a few days without water • 60% of your body is water • Everyday you lose water through • Excretion of urine or solid waste • Evaporation through breathing • Sweat through skin

21. Water • How much water do we need? • Recommended – eight 8oz. glasses a day • We need to take in the amount that has been lost • What is dehydration? • When body loses more water than has been taken in • Through being ill • exercising • Mild dehydration interferes with mental and physical performance • Exercising in heat can make you lose a quart of water an hour • Can result in death

22. Water • Top three reasons water is important • Transports nutrients and oxygen throughout body and helps rid of waste • Enables body’s chemical reactions to occur • Helps regulate body temperature

23. Fitness • What is physical fitness? • The ability of the body to carry out daily physical activities without getting out of breath, sore or overly tired • What is chronic disease? • A disease that develops gradually and continues over a long period of time • Examples • Heart disease • Stroke • High blood pressure • Diabetes

24. Fitness • Exercise makes your body release a chemical which makes you feel happier, this chemical is called… • Endorphins • Mental benefits of physical fitness • Reduce anxiety/stress • Sleep better • Reduce depression • Increase self-confidence • Improve self-image

25. Fitness • Five components of physical fitness • Muscular strength • Muscular endurance • Cardiorespiratory endurance • Flexibility • Body composition

26. Fitness • Cardiorespiratory endurance • Single most important component of physical fitness • Ability of your heart, blood vessels, lungs and blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the rest of your body while being physically active • As your cardiorespiratory endurance improves, your heart beats slower, stronger and becomes more efficient

27. Fitness • Cardiorespiratory endurance • Resting heart rate (RHR) • # of times your heart beats per minute while you are at rest • Recovery time • Amount of time it takes for heart to return to RHR • Aerobic activity • Muscle cells use oxygen to produce energy for movement for longer periods of time • Improves cardiorespiratory endurance • Examples • Walking • Jogging • Dancing • Swimming • Jump rope

28. Fitness • Designing a program • Determine your RHR • Take heart rate before getting out of bed for three days and get the average • Should be between 50-80 beats/min • Teens is actually a little higher • Determine your maximum heart rate (MHR) • The maximum number of beats/min during exercise • 220 – your age • Calculate your target heart rate zone • Should be between 60-85% of MHR • Multiply MHR by .6 and .85 to calculate your zone

29. Fitness • How many times a week should you workout? • How hard should your workout be? • How long should each workout last? • Determine where you need improvement and use the FITT formula • Frequency - # times per week • Intensity – how hard • Time – how long • Type – or kind of exercise

30. Fitness • Cardiorespiratory endurance • Frequency – 3-5 times a week • Intensity and Time – 20 to 60 minutes a session depending on where you are working in your target heart rate zone • Type – aerobic activity

31. The Firecrackers http://soonereyo.blip.tv/#1826380

32. Respiratory System • Breathing • Process of bringing oxygen in and ridding of carbon dioxide • Lungs • Main organ where gas exchange occurs • Alveolus • Tiny air sacs inside your lungs – the actual place where gas exchange occurs • Red Blood Cells • Carry oxygen to organs of body and take the carbon dioxide back to lungs to be exhaled • Brain Stem • Controls breathing rate – detects when too much carbon dioxide is in blood and tells diaphragm to contract to rid of it

33. Smoking Commercial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JndtG8Y7yfw

34. Flintstones http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TD8Km2LXyng&feature=fvst

35. Tobacco • There are many types of tobacco products. • Cigarettes • Chewing tobacco • Snuff (dip) • Contains 2-3 times more nicotine than cigarette smoke • Pipe tobacco • Cigars • Herbal cigarettes • All contain dangerous chemicals in them.

36. Tobacco • Nicotine • The addictive drug found in all tobacco products • 60 mg is enough to kill • 1-2 mg is inhaled with each cigarette • Carcinogen • Cancer causing agents • Tar • Sticky black substance in tobacco smoke which coats the airways • Carbon monoxide • Dangerous chemical in smoke • Gas that blocks oxygen from getting into the bloodstream

37. Tobacco • Short term effects • Increases heart rate and blood pressure • Increases breathing rate • Increases blood sugar levels

38. Tobacco • Long Term Effects • Addiction • Stimulates brain reward system that registers pleasure • Bronchitis • Inflammation of bronchiole tubes • Emphysema – (activity) • Disease in which air cannot move in or out of alveoli sacs because of blockage • COPD • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • Combination of bronchitis and emphysema • Heart and artery disease • Cancer

39. Smoking Cowboy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZg_jVHaERU

40. Smoking http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kq45tZMDtJ8

41. Central Nervous System • The CNS basically controls everything we do • It receives messages from the outside world for a response • Made up of • Brain • Spinal cord • Neurons • Receive and send messages • Synapse • The point where two neurons meet

42. CNS • Sensory nerves • Senses – taste, smell, touch etc • Example – smelling the cookout • Motor nerves • Muscles • Example – when someone calls your name, what do you do? • If alcohol and drugs are affecting the CNS, what do you think is happening? • The drugs and alcohol are messing up the signals to your senses and muscles

43. Alcohol • Alcohol • Drug in wine, beer and liquor that causes intoxication • Beer – 4% • Wine – 14% • Liquor – 40 - 50% • One drink equals: • One 12 oz beer • One 5 oz glass of wine • One 1 ½ oz shot of liquor • Intoxication • The physical and mental changes produced by drinking alcohol

44. Alcohol • BAC • Blood alcohol concentration • Amount of alcohol in a person’s blood • New Jersey’s legal limit is .08% • Binge drinking • The act of drinking five or more drinks in one sitting • Liver • Body’s organ which filters your blood • Filters one drink every hour

45. Alcohol • Cirrhosis • Deadly disease that replaces healthy liver tissue with scar tissue – usually caused by long-term alcohol abuse • Alcohol poisoning • Alcohol overdose where brain and heart stop working • Alcohol is which? • Stimulant • Depressant

46. Alcohol • Short-term effects • Irritates mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach • Makes heart work harder • Dilates blood vessels so heart has to pump harder to get blood through • Impairs body’s ability to control body temperature • Lose body heat • Liver works harder • To filter blood • Causes dehydration • Breaking down alcohol requires water – kidneys produce more urine so the water used to breakdown alcohol is taken from the rest of the body causing dehydration

47. Alcohol • Long-term effects • Permanent body damage • Damage to heart • High blood pressure • Hepatitis • Inflammation of the liver • Diminished immune system • Cirrhosis of the liver • Permanent brain damage • Due to brain cell death

48. Alcohol • Alcohol abuse • Drinking too much, too often and at inappropriate times • Alcoholism • A disease that causes a person to lose control of their drinking behavior • Both physically and emotionally addicted to alcohol • Have painful physical symptoms when they do not have alcohol

49. Stages of Alcoholism • Problem drinking • Experimentation through social drinking • Tolerance • Happens after repeated drinking when more is needed to feel same effects from when they first started • Becomes secretive with drinking

50. Stages of Alcoholism • Dependence • Drinker’s body begins to need alcohol to function. Without it drinker goes through withdrawal – anxiety, shaking, sweating, nausea • Alcoholism • Addicted to alcohol – craves it and cannot control his/her drinking. Drinks more frequently and puts alcohol before anything else. Some will substitute alcohol for food