Southern and Eastern Asia Today

1. Southern and Eastern Asia Today Unit 5

2. WORLD RELIGIONS and Ethnic Groups Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Shinto, Confucianism

3. GPS • GPS: SS7G12 The student will analyze the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southern and Eastern Asia. • A. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group. • B. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism. • C. Evaluate how the literacy rate affects the standard of living.

4. E.Q. • How do the cultures of Southern and Eastern Asia differ?

5. Ethnic Group • Shares cultural ideas and beliefs that have been a part of their community for generations. • May include: • Language • Religion, history • Types of foods • Set of traditional stories, beliefs, or celebrations

6. Religious Group • Shares a belief system in a god or gods, with a specific set of rituals and literature. • People from different ethnic groups may share the same religion, though they may be from very different cultures.

7. Which describes an ethnic group? • A. people that like to grow food • B. people that like to read books • C. people who share the same religious beliefs • D. people with a shared language, religion, or culture

8. Which describes a religious group? • A. people that like to grow food • B. people that like to read books • C. people who share the same religious beliefs • D. people with a shared language, religion, or culture

9. Religion in South Korea • What % of the people in South Korea are Buddhists? • 1.3% • 23.2% • 26.3% • 49.3%

10. Vocabulary Reincarnation: when a person dies, his soul enters the body of another being Polytheism: belief in many gods Monotheism: belief in one god Atheism: belief in no god Karma: your actions determine your fate Caste system: belief that social class is inherited and does not change throughout a person’s life Nirvana: state of perfect peace Kami: divine spirits who live in nature

11. Buddhism • began in India about 520 B.C. • 4th largest religion • Found everywhere but mostly in SE Asia • Founder: rich young man, Siddharta Gautama, who was upset by the poverty & suffering around him • After many years of thinking about it, he decided people could find peace if they rejected greed and desire. • Called Buddha (The Enlightened One) by his followers • Unselfishness is the key to everything

12. Buddhist Beliefs • Atheistic: belief in no god – man alone can change evil into good • Reincarnation • Karma • 4 Noble Truths • Middle Way • Nirvana

13. Life brings pain Suffering & sorrow are usually caused by greed and desire for material things Nirvana is reached by giving up greedy desires Follow the Middle Way to achieve Nirvana Try to recognize the truth Try to avoid evil actions & bad people Do not say things that hurt others Respect other people & their belongings Choose a job that does no harm to others Do not think evil thoughts Avoid excitement or anger Work at meditation 4 Noble Truths Middle Way (8 Fold Path)

14. Hinduism • 1 of oldest religions in the world • Began in India; main religion there • 3rd largest religion in the world • 4 holy books are called Vedas

15. Hindu Beliefs • Polytheistic: worship many gods who are all part of the supreme being, Brahman • Cows are sacred. • All living beings have souls • Reincarnation • If a person was good, the next life is better; if he was bad, the next life is worse. • The soul is reincarnated until the life it lives is good enough to be united with Brahman. • Karma

16. Hinduism: Beliefs • Reincarnation • the soul does not die with the body but enters the body of another being • The type of life a person leads determines what next life will be like. • The soul is reincarnated over and over till the life it lives is good enough for it to be united with Brahman.

17. Caste System • Belief that social class is inherited and does not change throughout a person’s life. • Each caste had its own specific place in society.  They socialized, ate, married, worked, and worshipped within their own caste.  They would NEVER consider marrying or working outside their caste. • The only way to move to a higher caste is to be reincarnated into one.

18. Caste System Continued • There are four main castes: • Brahmans – priests & wise men • Kshtriyas – warriors, rulers • Vaisyas – merchants, traders, and small farmers • Sudras – peasants, field workers • Dalit – untouchables, who do the work no one else will do

19. Islam • Began in Arabian Peninsula in 7th century AD (600s) • Founder: Muhammad • Monotheistic • 2nd largest religion in the world • Holy Book: Quran • Spread to India in 1500s AD with Muslim armies who established the Mogul Empire. • Ruled India for almost 200 years • Muslim conquerors treated Hindus as conquered people and introduced them to Islam

20. Few People Cheer For PizzaTHE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM‘IMAN’ or FAITH‘SALAT’ or PRAYER‘ZAKAT’ or CHARITY‘SAIJ’ or FASTING‘HAJJ’ or PILGRIMAGE Islamic Beliefs • Do not accept the caste system • Do not believe cows are sacred • Few eat pork • 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM • Profess faith: there is only 1 god, Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger • Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca • Give charity (alms) to the poor • Fast during the holy month of Ramadan • Make a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca at least once in your life

21. Shintoism • Earliest religion in Japan • Means “way of the gods” • Once was state religion, but not now • Still widely honored among the Japanese

22. Shinto Beliefs 神 • Kami are believed to live in beautiful places, animals, and as people’s ancestors • The beautiful places (special mountains and rivers) are sacred • Cleanliness is a virtue • No strong belief in life after death • Nature worship – Japanese create small beautiful peaceful gardens • Followers offer prayers to kami at small altars for blessings and protection

24. Confucianism • Began in China about 550 BC • Founder: Confucius – important Chinese scholar & teacher • Not a religion - a system based on good deeds and morality • The Chinese emperor hired Confucian scholars in 121 BC to help organize his government. • Confucianism influenced Chinese government for almost 2000 years.

25. Confucian Beliefs • Key to peace and order is for people to behave with good character and virtue • What you do not like when done to yourself, do not unto others: Golden Rule of Behavior • 5 Basic Relationships • Ruler and subject • Father and son • Husband and wife • Older brother and younger brother • Friend and friend If each relationship is based on kindness, there will be peace and harmony in the country.

26. South Korea • Ethnic Groups: homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese) • Religions: Christian 26.3%, Buddhist 23.2%, other or unknown 1.3%, none 49.3%

27. North Korea • Ethnic Groups: almost all Korean; there is a small Chinese community and a few ethnic Japanese • Religions: traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, some Christian and Religion of the Heavenly Way

28. China • Ethnic Groups: Han Chinese 91.5%, Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uighur, Tujia, Yi, Mongol, Tibetan, Buyi, Dong, Yao, Korean, and other nationalities 8.5% • Religions: Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2% (officially atheist)

29. India • Ethnic Groups: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% • Religions: Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1%

30. Indonesia • Ethnic Groups: Javanese 40.6%, Sundanese 15%, Madurese 3.3%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Betawi 2.4%, Bugis 2.4%, Banten 2%, Banjar 1.7%, other or unspecified 29.9% • Religions: Muslim 86.1%, Christian 8.7%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 3.4%

31. Japan • Ethnic Groups: Japanese 98.5%, Koreans 0.5%, Chinese 0.4%, other 0.6% • Religions: Shintoism 83.9%, Buddhism 71.4%, Christianity 2%, other 7.8% • note: total adherents exceeds 100% because many people belong to both Shintoism and Buddhism

32. Vietnam • Ethnic Groups: Kinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, Muong 1.5%, Khome 1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nun 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% • Religions: Buddhist 9.3%, Christian 7.2%, HoaHao 1.5%, Cao Dai 1.1%, Muslim 0.1%, none 80.8%

33. Literacy and Standard of Living • Literacy affects the standard of living. • Lack of education limits job choices. • Many countries only make education available to people who can pay for it. • GDP (gross domestic product)is 1 way to measure the standard of living.

34. Contrasts • Higher rates of literacy are usually found in wealthier countries. • Some SE Asian countries have weak economies but very high literacy rates. • China and North Korea have strong state-run systems that require attendance through a certain age. • China has some of the richest and poorest people in Eastern Asia.

35. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 430. Which of these religions is considered one of the oldest in the world? • Islam • Shintoism • Hinduism • Confucianism C. Hinduism

36. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 431. What is the name of the Hindu sacred text? • Vedas • Quran • Middle Way • Four Noble Truths A. Vedas

37. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 432. What is the Hindu belief in reincarnation? • The belief that there is only one god • The worship of the cow as a sacred animal • The belief that men should treat each other with kindness • The belief that a soul returns to life in another body after death D. The belief that a soul returns to life in another body after death

38. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 433. What is the Hindu belief in Karma? • That one’s actions determine one’s fate • That man should worship only one god • That children should always obey their parents • That a woman should always wear a head scarf when she goes out of the house A. That one’s actions determine one’s fate

39. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 434. How long do Hindus believe a soul will be reincarnated? • Reincarnation happens only once to each soul. • A soul is reincarnated forever and there is no end. • A soul is reincarnated for as long as it chooses to be. • It will be reincarnated until the soul lives a life good enough to be united with Brahman. D. It will be reincarnated until the soul lives a life good enough to be united with Brahman.

40. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 435. What is the caste system? • The name of the Hindu priesthood • The belief that social class is hereditary (inherited) • The voting system used in the Southeastern elections • The name of the way labor in India is divided between men and women B. The belief that social class is hereditary (inherited)

41. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 436. Where was the religion of Buddhism founded? • India • China • Japan • Vietnam A. India

42. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 437. Who was the founder of Buddhism? • Jesus • Confucius • Muhammad • Siddharta Gautama D. Siddharta Gautama

43. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 438. What does “Buddha” mean? • Middle Way • Glorified One • Enlightened One • Four Noble Truths C. Enlightened One

44. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 439. What do Buddhists believe people need to do to be happy and find peace? • They are to live their lives as vegetarians. • They are to accept the belief in only one god. • They are to give up greed and greedy desires. • They are to live quietly in the caste system. C. They are to give up greed and greedy desires.

45. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 440. What Buddhist teaching shows its followers the correct way to live their lives? • The Bible • The Quran • The Five Pillars • The Middle Way D. The Middle Way

46. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 441. How did the first Muslims come to Southern and Eastern Asia? • Muslim invaders entered India in the 1500s AD. • The first Muslim armies invaded Japan in the 1400s AD. • The earliest Muslims first came to China as traders in the 1200s AD. • The first Muslims were invited into India because the people there wanted a new government. A. Muslim invaders entered India in the 1500s AD.

47. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 442. What are the Five Pillars? • Basic beliefs of Islam • Rules of the caste system • Standard form of Muslim architecture • Beliefs that Muslims and Hindus have in common A. Basic beliefs of Islam

48. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 443. What is the name of the Muslim holy book? • Bible • Vedas • Quran • Middle Way C. Quran

49. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 444. Islam is considered a monotheistic religion because its followers believe in • Many gods • Only one god • Reincarnation • Natural objects B. Only one god

50. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 445. In which country was Shintoism founded? • India • China • Japan • Vietnam C. Japan