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Civil Rights Strides in 20th Century America: Sports, Challenges, and Triumphs

Explore the dynamic journey of African Americans towards equality post-WWII, from Jackie Robinson's milestone in baseball to pivotal court cases like Brown v. Board of Education. Witness the rise of activism, resistance, and progress in the pursuit of civil rights.

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Civil Rights Strides in 20th Century America: Sports, Challenges, and Triumphs

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  1. Demands for Civil Rights

  2. Inroads in Sports • 1945, Branch Rickey, the general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers hired Jackie Robinson to become the first African American in Major League Baseball • His life was threaten repeatedly • He was rookie of the year and won the MVP in this third year

  3. The Rise of African American Influence • Before WWII African Americans were not treated as equals • After the war, the campaign for civil rights began to accelerate • Their were several reasons for this acceleration • African American Migration • AA began moving to the cities • AA did well in these communities, becoming doctors and lawyers • The New Deal • A large number of AA found good jobs in the New Deal • World War II • Increased demand for labor in the cities, gave many AA higher paying jobs and greater voting power • The Holocaust opened many peoples eyes to racism and discrimination • Rise of the NAACP • They worked the courts to challenge segregation laws • They were successful, with the aid of a great legal team

  4. Brown v. Board of Education • Oliver Brown sued the Topeka, Kansas, Board of Education to allow his 8-year-old daughter to go to school at a near by white only school • Thurgood Marshall argued on behalf of Brown in the Supreme Court • Read the ruling on Pg 700 • It was a unanimous decision that the courts declared seperate but equal was unconstitutional • Reaction • AA rejoiced, many white Americans accepted it • However, in the South it was met with resistance

  5. The Montgomery Bus Boycott • In 1955, Rosa Parks a former secretary for the NAACP refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery segregated Bus • At the next stop, policed arrested her for violating segregation laws • A bus boycott was organized • 26 year old Martin Luther King Jr. became the spokesperson for the movement • In 1956 after over a year of the boycott, the Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation was unconstitutional

  6. Resistance in Little Rock • Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus declared he would not enforce integration, or bring together of different races • He posted Arkansas National Guard at Central High School to turn away 9 AA students who were to attend • President Eisenhower placed the Arkansas National Guard under his command and sent the soldiers to protect the nine students • He said his actions were necessary to defend the authority of the Supreme Court

  7. Other Voices of Protest • The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) protested when a funeral home refused to bury a Latin American WWII vet • Them and other groups worked to improve rights for Latin Americans • American government developed a new policy of termination with the Native Americans • The idea was to assimilate them into American life • The policy was met with resistance and in time the federal government discarded it

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