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A Traffic-light-based Reliable Routing Protocol for Urban VANETs 都會區車載隨意網路下基於紅綠燈之 可靠 繞徑技術

A Traffic-light-based Reliable Routing Protocol for Urban VANETs 都會區車載隨意網路下基於紅綠燈之 可靠 繞徑技術. 指導教授：王國禎 博士 學生：張景喬 國立交通大學網路工程研究所 行動計算與寬頻網路實驗室. Outlines. Introduction Background Related work Proposed Traffic-Light based Approach routing protocol Simulation results Conclusion

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A Traffic-light-based Reliable Routing Protocol for Urban VANETs 都會區車載隨意網路下基於紅綠燈之 可靠 繞徑技術

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  1. A Traffic-light-based Reliable Routing Protocol for Urban VANETs都會區車載隨意網路下基於紅綠燈之可靠繞徑技術 指導教授：王國禎 博士 學生：張景喬 國立交通大學網路工程研究所 行動計算與寬頻網路實驗室

  2. Outlines • Introduction • Background • Related work • Proposed Traffic-Light based Approach routing protocol • Simulation results • Conclusion • References

  3. Introduction • Vehicular ad hoc network is a high mobility wireless ad hoc network. • Due to a high mobility in VANETs, wireless links would be disconnected frequently . • Routing paths may be very unstable at high mobility wireless ad hoc network

  4. Introduction (cont.) • Topology changed frequently. • Broken link causes throughput decreases, and packet delay increases. • Highway safety, commercial advertisement, and Digital entertainment becomes popular issue recently.

  5. Related work - DSR • DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) • Cached routing information • Main process: • Route discovery • Route maintenance • Once node receives RREQ, if the node has not seen it before, it adds themselves to the route and forward them. • If there is any broken link happens due to the network topology changes, source node can issue another ROUTE REQUEST to find a new route.

  6. Related work - AODV • AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) • Source node broadcasts RREQ until the packets reach to destination node or the intermediate nodes contain the route to the destination node. • Once receiving RREQ packet, it replies back to the source by the route. • Every node periodically broadcasts HELLO message to check a broken link. • When a broken link is detected, RRER will be issued to the source node, then it issues new route discovery

  7. Related work - CLA • CLA (Connectionless approach) Routing -Adapt the topology effectively -Do not need to maintain nodes routing table -The nodes are included in the Virtual Cell can relay data packets

  8. Related work - CLA • Streets are divided into cells

  9. Related work - CLA • Concept of CLA

  10. Proposed TLA routing • TLA (Traffic Light based Approach) routing -When the vehicles stop at the red traffic lights, it is the best chance to forward the data between the vehicles. -Divide the network area into numbers of small “virtual area”. -Select a list of “Virtual Area” to be a route forwarding area between source and destination nodes. Requirement: • GPS (Global Positioning System) • Digital Map • Sensor

  11. Proposed TLA Routing Virtual Area ID set up: • Virtual Area ID Builds on intersection. Reasons: 1. The intersection must have traffic lights. 2. The red lights turn on means the vehicles must stop at the intersection 3. It is the best chance to relay the packet messages 4. Reliable and stable, increases the packet delivery ratio

  12. Proposed TLA Routing • Virtual Area ID set up

  13. Proposed TLA Routing Route Discovery: • Source node floods the RREQ message. • RREQ packet contains Source ID, Destination ID, Sequence number, and Area record. • Area record contains the order of area IDs. • When Intermediate nodes receive duplicated RREQ, it attaches the current area ID into area record and forward it.

  14. Proposed TLA Routing Route Discovery: • Hop count is not larger than that of the first received RREQ. • The destination node receives the RREQ: 1. records current area ID 2. records current node’s direction 3. sends RREP back via the chosen routes

  15. Proposed TLA Routing Data transmission: • Source node sends data according to the Area Record. • Area record includes the whole area IDs which present a route. Data packet header includes: Source ID Destination ID Route record Current area ID

  16. Proposed TLA Routing Data transmission: • An algorithm for a node C receives a data packet from node B: 1. If C node is a destination node, stop transmitting data packet. 2. If C node is not in the area IDs of the route record, stop transmitting data packet. 3. Otherwise, C node is in the range of area IDs, then delay T (for listening other nodes’ transmission), if no nodes are transmitting, then C node transmit the data packet.

  17. Proposed TLA Routing Delay time of packet transmission • Where α is a maximum delay constant in m seconds • SPDn is the speed of node n • Distn is the distance between node n and the node m’s virtual area center. • R is the random number between minimum R to maximum R.

  18. Proposed TLA Routing

  19. Proposed TLA Routing Data transmission

  20. Proposed TLA Routing Data transmission

  21. Evaluation Parameters • Simulation Setting for GlomoSim [10]

  22. Evaluation Parameters • VanetMobiSim[9] Parameters for Road Layouts

  23. Effect of Different Number of Nodes

  24. Effect of Different Number of Nodes

  25. Conclusion • We propose a Traffic Light based routing protocol for urban VANETs. • The proposed TLA improves the delivery ratio by15%and the end-to-end delay by around 20ms • Delivering packets to a node which are waiting for the red traffic light effectively improve the throughput (packet delivery ratio) • Decrease the end-to-end delay by transmitting with stationary nodes

  26. References [1] X. Fei, et al., "Performance Study of Live Video Streaming Over Highway Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks," in Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007. VTC-2007 Fall. 2007 IEEE 66th, 2007, pp. 2121-2125. [2] M. K. Marina and S. R. Das, "On-demand multipath distance vector routing in ad hoc networks," in Network Protocols, 2001. Ninth International Conference on, 2001, pp. 14-23. [3] Lee, S.-J.; Gerla, M.;“Split Multipath Routing with Maximally Disjoint Paths in Ad hoc Networks” in IEEE International Conference on Volume: 10, Digital, 2001, pp.3201 – 3205 [4] V. K. Goyal, "Multiple Description Coding: Compression Meets the Network," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 74–94, Sept. 2001. [5] T.Wiegand, G.J. Sullivan, G. Bjøntegaard, A.Luthra: Overview of the H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 13, No. 7, July 2003

  27. References [6]A.H. Ho, Y.H. Ho, K.A. Hua. Connectionless approach to mobile ad hoc network in street environments, in: Proceedings of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV 2005). Nevada, USA, 2005. [7]H. Fubler, J. Widmer, M. Kasemann, M. Mauve, H. Hartenstein, Contention-based forwarding for mobile ad-hoc networks, Elsevier’s Ad-Hoc Networks 1 (4) (2003) 351–369. [8] Y. Jiazi, et al., "Simulation and Performance Analysis of MP-OLSR for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2008. WCNC 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 2235- 2240. [9] M. Fiore, J. Härri, F. Filali, and C. Bonnet, “Vehicular mobility simulation for VANETs,” in 40th Annual Simulation Symposium, March 2007, pp. 301-307. [10] X. Zeng, R. Bagrodia, and M. Gerla, “GloMoSim: A library for parallel simulation of large-scale wireless networks,” in 12th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulations, May 1998, pp. 154-161.

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