Nazis and Young People

1. Nazis and Young People Lesson starter: Why would the Nazis think that young people were key in maintaining their power?

2. We are learning to… • Explain the changes in Education made by the Nazis • Identify the opposing views on the Youth Movements

3. I can… • Complete a table analysing the popularity of the Youth Movements • Complete a N5 HW question on the changes in education

4. Young people were very important to the Nazis • If they could get them on their side at a young age, they would hopefully support the Nazis as adults • Hitler wanted to indoctrinate young people • This meant the next generation of adults would be obedient Nazi followers

5. It doesn’t matter what you think, your children are mine already

6. Reorganising Schools

7. Copy this table into your jotters • Below is a Nazi timetable. Give a suggestion for what may be covered in each class To control education, what else might the Nazis need to reorganise, apart from the curriculum?

8. Control • How might the Nazis control the following? • Curriculum • Textbooks • Teachers • Jewish pupils • Are there any subjects the Nazis might see no use for? Come up with some ideas in your group. Be prepared to feedback to the class.

9. Indoctrination • Try and complete your Nazi worksheet • What do you think is the REAL importance of this activity? • What do these problems tell us about Nazi indoctrination?

10. Education • School curriculum and textbooks rewritten by the Nazis • All schoolbooks had to be approved by the Nazi authorities • Biology taught the difference between races (eugenics) • Maths became questions about bombs and ammunition • Jews were humiliated by teachers until they were eventually put into Jewish schools • Teachers had to join the National Socialist League of Teachers – if they didn’t they were sacked • PE replaced RE – more useful for future war • http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/indoctrination-in-nazi-germany/3282.html

11. "To keep a mentally ill person costs approximately 4 marks a day. There are 300,000 mentally ill people in care. How much do these people cost to keep in total? How many marriage loans of 1000 marks could be granted with this money?" Maths problem in a textbook during the Nazi period.

12. "A bomber aircraft on take-off carries 12 dozen bombs, each weighing 10 kilos. The aircraft takes off for Warsaw the international centre for Jews. It bombs the town. On take-off with all bombs on board and a fuel tank containing 100 kilos of fuel, the aircraft weighed about 8 tons. When it returns from the crusade, there are still 230 kilos left. What is the weight of the aircraft when empty ?" Maths problem in a textbook during the Nazi period.

13. The Youth Organisations

14. Hitler Youth (Boys) • Hitler Jugend (HJ) • Age 14 – 18 (also organisations for younger boys – Little Fellows) • Boys wore uniform • harsh punishments for ‘weaklings’ • They did lots of outdoor activities and sports • Some activities very army-like – using a bayonet, trench digging • Children taught anti-Jewish messages • Tests – reward a dagger marked ‘Blood and Honour’ • Encouraged to inform on parents and friends

18. League of German Maidens (girls) • Bund DeutscherMadel (BDM) • Ages 14 – 21 • Girls kept totally separate from boys • Did similar activities – sports, singing etc • Also trained to do first aid • Taught how to be a good wife – cook, clean, sew etc • Taught about the ‘Mother’s Cross’ for having up to 8 children (bronze, silverand gold) • Girls not allowed to cut hair or wear makeup – birth control forbidden and frowned upon

22. Hitler Youth – Key Points • By early 1936, 6 million children had signed up voluntarily – why? • The Youth organisations became compulsory from 1936 • Other youth organisations were banned • Parents threatened with children being removed from them and sent to orphanages if they didn’t go

23. Challenge yourself Pick 1 of the questions below and answer it as fully as you can. You can use your notes and the textbook to help you. They are both worth 6 marks. • Describe how the Nazis controlled the youth of Germany. • Explain how Hitler was able to control the youth of Germany.

24. The Hitler Youth – Fun or forced? Use class notes, the video clips and page 91-94 of the textbook to add as many pros/ cons of the Youth movements into the table.

25. Video Clips – take notes to use for next task • http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/girls-and-boys-in-nazi-germany/5675.html • http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/hitler-youth/3283.html • http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/why-was-the-hitler-youth-so-important/3264.html • http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/young-people-in-nazi-germany/5674.html

26. Indoctrination • Many people argued after the war they were only a member of the Hitler Youth because they were forced • Watch this video (based on true accounts) and decide if you think this statement is true

27. N5 How Fully Question Source B is about the activities of the Hitler Youth Source B Boys learned military skills such as practising with weapons. To toughen them up, they were taken on cross country hikes and runs. One member of the Hitler Youth remembered that anyone who got a stitch while running was punished and humiliated as a weakling. Boys were also tested on their knowledge of Nazism and those who passed the test were given a dagger marked “Blood and Honour”. Most members of the Hitler Youth joined because they thought it was fun and exciting. However they did not all enjoy the endless marching. How fully does Source B describe the lives of young people in Nazi Germany? 6 marks (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)

29. The sources agree the Nazis saw Aryans as the superior race.(1) Source A says “Aryan people…were superior in every way” and Source B says “Aryans were the master race” (1) • The sources agree that Aryans should control other races. Source A says “it was logical they should control other races” and source B says “this gave superior races the authority to rule other races”

30. N5 Question • Explain the significance of the Nazi changes to the education system after 1933. 5 marks • You must explain why the Nazis changed what they did i.e. The Nazis replaced RE with more PE as this would produce a fitter next generation for war and the children wouldn’t gain any anti-Nazi views through RE.

31. Extension 1: Redesigning the curriculum • Imagine you are the Minister for Education in Nazi Germany • Write a list of all the subjects taught in St Thomas Aquinas • Explain how you would change the material taught in each to reflect the Nazi agenda

32. Extension 2 • Use one jotter page to create a poster for the Hitler Youth (boys) and the opposite page for the League of German maidens • Your posters should include the types of activities covered by each • Use p77 of the textbook for extra information ‘Youth serves the Führer’