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To learn about the shapes of the s, p and d orbitals

Objectives. To learn about the shapes of the s, p and d orbitals To review the energy levels and orbitals of the wave mechanical model of the atom To learn about electron spin. A. The Hydrogen Orbitals. Orbitals do not have sharp boundaries. A. The Hydrogen Orbitals.

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To learn about the shapes of the s, p and d orbitals

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  1. Objectives • To learn about the shapes of the s, p and d orbitals • To review the energy levels and orbitals of the wave mechanical model of the atom • To learn about electron spin

  2. A. The Hydrogen Orbitals • Orbitals do not have sharp boundaries.

  3. A. The Hydrogen Orbitals • Hydrogen Energy Levels • Hydrogen has discrete energy levels. • Called principal energy levels • Labeled with whole numbers

  4. A. The Hydrogen Orbitals • Hydrogen Energy Levels • Each principal energy level is divided into sublevels. • Labeled with numbers and letters • Indicate the shape of the orbital

  5. A. The Hydrogen Orbitals • Hydrogen Energy Levels • The s and p types of sublevel

  6. A. The Hydrogen Orbitals • Hydrogen Orbitals • Why does an H atom have so many orbitals and only 1 electron? • An orbital is a potential space for an electron. • Atoms can have many potential orbitals.

  7. B. The Wave Mechanical Model: Further Development • Atoms Beyond Hydrogen • The Bohr model was discarded because it does not apply to all atoms. • Atoms beyond hydrogen have an equal number of protons and electrons. • Need one more property to determine how the electrons are arranged • Spin – electron spins like a top

  8. B. The Wave Mechanical Model: Further Development • Atoms Beyond Hydrogen • Pauli Exclusion Principle - an atomic orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons and those 2 electrons must have opposite spins

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