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JS 118 Theories of Crime and Deviance

JS 118 Theories of Crime and Deviance. Danielle Harris danielleharris@gmail.com MH513 Office Hours Tuesday 3pm-5pm. What is Criminology?. Crime is misunderstood. Why? Definition: (Sutherland and Cressey) Lawmaking Lawbreaking Reactions to lawbreaking

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JS 118 Theories of Crime and Deviance

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  1. JS 118Theories of Crime and Deviance Danielle Harris danielleharris@gmail.com MH513 Office Hours Tuesday 3pm-5pm

  2. What is Criminology? • Crime is misunderstood. Why? • Definition: (Sutherland and Cressey) • Lawmaking • Lawbreaking • Reactions to lawbreaking • Interdisciplinary field • Scientific Method

  3. Questions for Criminologists: • Why do people commit crime? • What types of crime exist? • How are laws created? • Why do they differ by location? • How can we control/prevent crime?

  4. Deviance vs Crime • What is deviance? • What is a crime? • legalistic definition • Consensus view • Conflict view • Interationist view • Deviant =/= Criminal

  5. Types of Crime • Misdemeanor v Felony • Part I v Part II Offenses • Part I: Murder (1st, 2nd, voluntary and involuntary manslaughter), rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson • Two views: • Social Problems v Social Responsibility

  6. Criminological Enterprise • Criminal Statistics • Sociology of Law • Theory Construction • Criminal Behavior Systems/Risk Ass’t • Penology • Victimology • Prevention • (primary, secondary, tertiary, situational)

  7. Classical School (Nature & Extent) Biol & Psych Traits Typologies Social Structure (disorganization) Social Process (learning) Strain Theories Control Theories Choice Theories Labeling/Reaction Critical Theories Feminist Theories Developmental Theories Integrated Theories Specific Perspectives and Course Outline

  8. Classical School • Rational decision making • Free will • Hedonism • Offense based perspective • Crime is caused by the individual • Crime is an injury to society

  9. Cesare Beccaria • Called for a reform to the CJS • Laws should be agreed upon • Punishment is necessary BUT… • Prevention through education is better • No difference between crim & non-crim • Utilitarianism

  10. Cesare Beccaria • Punishment based on act not the actor • Should be: • Public • Prompt • Proportional • Certain • Deterrence/Prevention

  11. The Rise of Positivism • Determinism • Behavior is a function of factors over which people have no control • Scientific Method • Influence of Charles Darwin

  12. Cesare Lombroso • Compared cadavers • Physical and Social Characteristics • Atavists • Typology: • Born • Insane • Passionate • Occasional (pseudocriminal, criminaloid, habitual criminal, epilatoid)

  13. Evaluation of Lombroso • Goring • Hooten • Sheldon – 3 body types: • Endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph • Sheldon – 3 personality types: • Viscerotonic, somotonic, cerebrotonic

  14. Closing • Questions? • Homework • Reading for next week • Textbook • Slides are online • http://dharris.50webs.com/

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