Social determinants of Health’s universe. Second part. Marcio Ulises Estrada Paneque. MD. PhD.* Genco Estrada Vinajera.

1. Social determinants of Health’s universe. Second part. Marcio Ulises Estrada Paneque. MD. PhD.* Genco Estrada Vinajera. MD.** Caridad Vinajera Torres. PhD.***

2. Social Justice HHRR Gender Sexism Sex ETDD Crisis Wars Social production of disease o SDH SocialInequity in health Embodiment Poverty Exclusion Deprivacion Racism Discrimination

3. Embodiment. • Concept to understand the relations between the human body state and political body. • Talks about how we can biologically incorporate material and social world in we live, from the intrauterine life to the death. • Its corollary is that there is no aspect of our biology that can be understood without history knowing and individual and social forms life.

4. Ways ofembodiment. • Structured simultaneously by: • Power social organization, property and structures of production, consumption and reproduction. • Biological limitations and possibilities, as have been conformed in species evolution history, ecological context and individual histories, that is to say, trajectories of biological and social development.

5. Gender, sexism and sex. • Gender: social concept of conventions, rolls and behaviors of cultural character assigned to the women, men, children and children, and relations among them. • Sexism: implies unjust relations of gender means of which dominant groups obtain privileges due to the subordination of other gender groups. It is justified by means of superiority ideologies. • Sex: biological concept based on the biological characteristics that make possible the sexual reproduction. Their categories are woman, man, intersexual and trans-sexual

6. Human rights (HHRR). • Supposes that all the people are born free and equal dignity and rights; and it provide a frame of universal reference to decide questions of equity and social justice. • Human right's law defines what the governments can or cannot do and what governments must do, to respect, protect and fulfill theirs obligations with the citizens. • Health and human rights stimulates how the fulfillment of human rights promotes health, but also how their violations can damage health.

7. Social justice (SJ). • Factors that allow human rights violation or that maintain DDHH respect, protection and fulfillment are supported by a theoretical frame of social justice. • SJ analyses who benefits and who is harmed by the economic situation, oppression, discrimination, inequality and degradation of natural resources. • These two theoretical marks (DDHH and SJ) provide concepts to analyze the SDH and to guide actions to create just and sustainable societies

8. Perspective or vital course. • Makes reference to how the health state of certain cohort to any age reflects not only the present conditions, but also, incorporate previous vital circumstances, since intrauterine life. • Include the development biological and social of people trajectory throughout time, as it has been modeled by life historical period, in relation to social, economic, political, technological and ecological societycontext.

9. Poverty. • To be poor is not have sufficient resources to participate in the society. Poverty is a defined complex concept in absolute and relative terms, in relation to: needs, standard of life, deficiency of security, unacceptable lack of rights, deprivation, exclusion, inequality, class, dependency and shortages. • Poverty lines pay attention to: level of income (line of poverty) insufficient to cover needs for subsistence and the point in which resources are so inferiors to which have a individual or middlefamily.

10. Deprivation. • Its concept and measurements are at individual or area level, in relation to the material things: diet, dress, lodging, domestic facilities, location and the work. • Social deprivation talks about rights related to jobs, familiar activities, integration in the community, formal participation in social institutions, recreational activities and education.

11. Social exclusion. • Poors are excluded from activities, life’s models and customs, such proportional form to the resourcesdiminution. • Social exclusion include aspects of poverty, its impact and the marginalization process. • Routes of social and communitarian life exclusion include: legal or “de jure”, economic, due to lack of provision gods, due to the stigmatization and discrimination “of fact”.

12. Process by means of which one or several members of a defined social group are dealed with different form, unjust, due to its property to that group. This injustice is born from social origin beliefs that each [group] has about the other, and from domination and oppression structures, views as fight expressions by power and privileges. People and institutions that discriminate negatively restrict, by judgment and action, the discriminated life. Discrimination.

13. Discrimination. • Dominant groups practices subordinate other groups to which they oppress. Status quo maintenance and ideologies that they use to justify it occur around superiority and inferiority slight knowledge or innate differences • Predominant types of negative discrimination are based on the race/ethnic group, gender, sexuality, incapacity, age, nationality, religion and social class. Positive discrimination tries to rectify inequitiess created by the negative discrimination.

14. SDH. Race and racism. • Race is a social category, is nonbiological. Groups that share cultural inheritance and ancestry, forged by oppressive systems of racial relations and dominion benefit. • It is defined by the possession of selective and arbitrary physical characteristics, like skin color. • Racism talks about the institutional and individual practices that create and reinforce oppressive systems of racial relations

15. SDH and ethnic groups. • Human population in which theirs members are identify with base in a real or presumed genealogy and common ancestry, or other historical bows. • Ethnic groups also are normally united by cultural practices, behavior, linguistic, or common roots • • Given concept (and manipulated) originally to differentiate different groups in different zones. Is some now to talk about to groups based on its ancestral culture.

16. Go to the third part of this lecture.