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Uses and Limitations of AI: The Chinese Room and HAL

This chapter explores the concept of artificial intelligence through two key examples: the Chinese Room thought experiment and HAL from "2001: A Space Odyssey". The Chinese Room illustrates the limitations of AI, demonstrating that computation does not equate to understanding, as a non-Chinese speaker can produce correct responses without comprehension. In contrast, HAL embodies advanced AI capabilities, engaging in conversation and complex tasks. The chapter concludes by showcasing the pervasive applications of AI in the 21st century, from fuzzy logic in everyday devices to robots aiding exploration and entertainment.

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Uses and Limitations of AI: The Chinese Room and HAL

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  1. Chapter 2 Uses and Limitations

  2. Chapter 2 Contents • The Chinese Room • HAL – Fantasy or Reality? • AI in the 21st Century

  3. The Chinese Room • A thought experiment used to argue against strong AI. • A non-Chinese speaker is in a room with a set of cards with Chinese characters, and a set of instructions in English. • Questions in Chinese are fed into the room, and by following the instructions, the human is able to produce answers. • The room appears to understand Chinese – it can answer questions in the language – but the human inside cannot.

  4. HAL – Fantasy or Reality • HAL – the computer in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey. • Plays chess with humans (and wins). • Reads people’s lips. • Engages in conversation with humans. • Computers can play chess, and beat most players. • Reading lips is very hard to automate. • The conversational skills of the best systems today are very weak.

  5. AI in the 21st Century • AI is everywhere. • Fuzzy logic is used in elevators, washing machines and cars. • Intelligent agents are used in many software applications. • Robots explore other worlds, and toy robots play with children (and some adults). • Expert systems diagnose diseases and recommend remedies. • Computer games use AI.

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