Advanced English

1. Advanced English Lvhong English Department R-516 Lhong9904@yahoo.com 82066873

2. Unit 2 Marrakech byGeorge Orwell

3. Teaching Points • I. Background knowledge • II. Introduction to the passage • III. Text Analysis • IV. Rhetorical devices • V. Questions

4. 1. Background Knowledge • 1.        George Orwell • 2.        Morocco • 3.        Marrakech • 4.        The Jewish people

5. George Orwell

6. George Orwell • George Orwell (pen name) • Eric Arthur Blair (1903 – 1950) • British novelist and essayist

7. George Orwell • Orwell was famous for his political satires. • He was an uncompromising individualist and political idealist. • Orwell argued that writers have an obligation of fighting social injustice, oppression, and the power of totalitarian regimes.

8. George Orwell • Masterpiece: • ANIMAL FARM (1945) • NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR (1949)

9. Morocco • Location: • In North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. • Capital: Rabat • Population: about 18,000.000

10. Marrakech in Morocco

12. Marrakech • Location: • In west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas. 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. • It is the principal commercial centers of Morocco. • It has extremely hot summers but mild winters.

13. Marrakech City

14. Marrakech • Marrakech is not only a fantastic city, it is also a symbol of the Morocco that once was, and which still survives here. The streets of the old and pink city have been too narrow to allow the introduction of cars, and tourists searching for the "real" Morocco have turned the medieval structures of Marrakech into good business.

19. II. Introduction to the Passage • 1. Type of literature: • --- a piece of exposition • 2. The purpose of a piece of exposition: • --- to inform or explain

20. Introduction to the Passage • 3. Ways of developing the thesis of a piece of exposition: • --- comparison • --- contrast • --- analogy • --- identification • --- illustration • --- analysis, definition, etc.

21. Introduction to the Passage • 4.  The thesis: • Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism. • “ All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.” (P.3)

22. Introduction to the Passage • 5. The main ideas: • In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.

23. Introduction to the Passage • Orwell shows poverty in 5 ways: • 1. the burial of the poor inhabitants • 2. An Arab Navvy begging for bread • 3. The miserable lives of the Jews • 4. Cultivation of the poor soil • 5. The old women carrying firewood

24. III. Text Analysis • 1. making effective use of specific verbs • 2. using the methods of contrast, illustration, comparison, etc. • 3.  clever choice of words and scenes and tenses

25. effective use of verbs • 1. Thread in “The little crowd of mourners…threaded their way across the market…” (P.2) • 2. Rise, sweat, starve, sink in “ They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years…” (P. 3) • 3. Sidle in “An Arab navvy …sidled slowly towards us” (P.6)

26. effective use of verbs • 4. Grope in “Even a blind man…groping in the air with his hand” (P.10) • 5. Mummify in “all of them are mummified with age and the sun” (P.19) • 6. Hobble in “…the file of old women had hobbled past…” (P.20) • 7. Tip in “…its master tips it into the ditch” • (P.20)

27. choice of words • 1. Wailing a short chant over and over again (p.2) • 2. An Arab navvy working on the path nearby (P.6) • 3. He stowed it gratefully (P.7) • 4. His left leg is warped out of shape (P.9) • 5. As the Jews live in a self-contained community (P.11)

28. choice of words • 6. The plough is a wretched wooden thing (P.18) • 7. All of them are mummified with age and the sun (P. 19) • 8. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (P.23) • 9. So had the officers on their sweating chargers (P. 26)

29. New words • Pomegranate • Chant • Bier • Hack • Oblong • Hummocky • Derelict

30. New words • Undifferentiated • Mound • Prickly • Nibble • Navvy • Stow • ghetto

31. New words • Warp • Clamour • Grove • Desolate • Fodder • Yoke • harrrow

32. New words • Trickle • Hobble • Gut • Plight • Squash • Syphilis • garrison

33. Word formation • 1. Burying-ground • 2. Gravestone • 3. mid-air • 4. Overcrowding • 5. Nine-tenths

34. Word formation • 1. Burying-ground (verbal noun in –ing+noun) • Drinking cup • Hiding place • Diving board • Waiting room • Writing desk • Typing paper

35. Word formation • 2. Gravestone (noun + noun) • Oilwell • Silkworm • Shirtsleeves • Girl-friend • Gaslight • Window-pane

36. Word formation • 3. mid-air (adj + noun) • Half-brother • Black-market • Half-pay • Madman • Darkroom • hothouse

37. Word formation • 4. Overcrowding (adv + verbal noun) • Dry-cleaning • Overeating • Oversleeping • Deep-freezing • Down-grading • Up-dating

38. Word formation • 5. Nine-tenths (cardinal plus ordinal number) • One-fifth • Two-sixths • Three-eighths • One-ninth

39. IV. Rhetorical Devices • 1.        rhetorical questions • 2.        repetition • 3.        simile • 4.        elliptical sentences

40. Rhetorical Devices • 1. Rhetorical questions: • What does Morocco mean to a Frenchman? An orange grove or a job in Government service. Or to an Englishman? Camels, castles, palm trees…(P.17)

41. Rhetorical Devices • 1. Rhetorical questions: • Are they really the same flesh as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects?…(P.3)

42. Rhetorical Devices • Repetition: • But there is one thought which every white man thinks when he sees a black army marching past…Every white man there had this thought …I had it, so had the other onlookers, so had the officers on their sweating chargers and the white N.C .Os… (P.25-26)

43. Rhetorical Devices • Simile • Long limes of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the field… (P.18) • And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men…(P.26)

44. Special Difficulties • 1. Making sentences more compact by proper subordination such as: • --- subordinate clauses • --- appositives • --- prepositional phrases • --- verbal phrases

45. V. Special Difficulties • 2.  synonyms: • --wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan • --glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkle

46. Special Difficulties • 3.  Paraphrasing some sentences • (P.27) • The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.

47. V. Questions • 1. Orwell shows the poverty of the natives in at least five ways. Identify them. • 2.  Could paragraphs 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Why or why not? • 3.  Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? • 4. Comment on Orwell’s lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.