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Understanding Bone Markings: Key Functions and Types in the Skeletal System

This lesson focuses on the skeletal system, specifically bone markings and their functions. Students will learn about the four primary functions of the skeletal system and the two categories of bone markings: projections/processes and depressions/cavities. Key terms such as tuberosity, crest, and avulsion fractures will be defined. Additionally, students will explore how muscle forces can lead to injuries like avulsion fractures and the treatment of related conditions like Osgood-Schlatter disease. Engage with interactive learning through note cards to reinforce vocabulary.

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Understanding Bone Markings: Key Functions and Types in the Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System Bone Markings

  2. DO NOW #1 • As you come into class, write down the 4 functions of the skeletal system. • When you are done, put your pencil down.

  3. DO NOW #1 • 4 Functions of the Skeletal System

  4. DO NOW #2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F7rq8lhetLA

  5. Bone Markings • Not just flat, smooth and featureless • 2 categories • Projections/Processes • Depressions/Cavities

  6. Projections/Processes • Grow out from the bone • Area where muscle/ligaments attach • Form joints

  7. Projections/Processes • Tuberosity • Large, rounded projection • Ex: Tibial Tuberosity • Crest • Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent • Iliac crest

  8. Projections/Processes • Trochanter • Large, blunt irregular shaped process • Femur • Spine • Sharp, slender, pointed projection • Spine of the scapula

  9. Projections/Processes • Line • Narrow ridge of bone • Femoral line • Epicondyle • Raised area on or above condyle • Humerus

  10. Avulsion Fracture • Tendon v. ligament? • Muscle can generate a lot of force, sometime more than the attachment site can handle • Too much force is generated, an avulsion fracture occurs • Tendon contracts, ripping the tuberosity where it is attached

  11. Avulsion Fracture

  12. Osgood-Schlatters • Common among teenagers • Often represents an avulsion fracture • With growth, a bony callus forms and the tuberosity enlarges

  13. Osgood-Schlatters • Treatment • Decrease stressful activities • Apply ice before and after activities • Strengthen quads and hamstrings • Severe cases: Use a cast

  14. Projections/Processes • Some projections form joints • Head • Bony expansion carried on narrow neck • Humeral/Femoral head • Facet • Smooth, flat articular surface • Spinal facet • Condyle • Rounded articular projection

  15. Notecards • Using notecards or a piece of paper divided into squares, create note cards of the 10 vocab words from class. • Each word goes on 1 card, and the definition goes on the other • Total of 20 cards • 10 for vocab words • 10 for their definitions • DO NOT write on both sides of your card • Your ticket out of class is showing Mr. Wyand your flash cards

  16. Notecards • Tuberosity • Crest • Trochanter • Spine • Line • Epicondyle • Avulsion Fracture • Head • Facet • Condyle

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