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Chapter 2, Section 1 Four States of Matter

Chapter 2, Section 1 Four States of Matter. Matter is made of atoms and molecules that are always in motion The state of matter is determined by how fast the particles move and how strongly they are attracted to eachother. Physical forms in which a substance can exist. The are four solid

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Chapter 2, Section 1 Four States of Matter

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  1. Chapter 2, Section 1Four States of Matter

  2. Matter is made of atoms and molecules that are always in motion • The state of matter is determined by how fast the particles move and how strongly they are attracted to eachother.

  3. Physical forms in which a substance can exist. The are four • solid • liquid • gas • plasma States of Matter

  4. Definite shape and volume . • The attraction between the particles are stronger than the attraction between the particles in either a liquid or a gas. • Atoms do not move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them. • Each atom vibrates in place. Solids

  5. Crystalline VS Amorphous SolidsCrystalline – orderly arrangementAmorphous – no orderly arrangement

  6. Liquids • Takes shape of its container. • No definite shape but a definite volume. • Particles move fast enough for some of them to slide between one another

  7. Particles are close to one another so good for hydraulic brakes etc. • surface tension – force acting on the particles at the surface of the liquid • Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow Properties of Liquids

  8. Maple syrup is more viscous than water Water striders walk on water because of surface tension

  9. No definite shape or volume • Atoms move fast enough to break away completely from one another • Particle have less attraction between them than liquid or solid • There is empty space between the particles • The amount of empty space can change Gas

  10. On a blank piece of paper, put the numbers 1-13 • Write solid, liquid, gas, or plasma for each of the following PowerPoint slides ReviewSolid, Liquid, Gas or Plasma

  11. This has a definite shape and volume

  12. This has no definite shape or volume

  13. Its particles are tightly packed together

  14. Has a definite volume but no definite shape

  15. Rare on earth but most common in universe

  16. Particles can move freely to all parts of container

  17. Particles change position by sliding past one another

  18. Only movement of particles is vibrations

  19. Found at very high temperatures and pressures

  20. A container of this is always full

  21. Highest energy

  22. Lowest energy

  23. Found in lightning strikes and auroras

  24. Solid • Gas/plasma • Solid • Liquid • Plasma • Gas/plasma • Liquid • Solid • Plasma • Gas/plasma • Plasma • Solid • Plasma Answers to Review Questions

  25. Gas Pressure • Pressure – the amount of force exerted in a given area

  26. The greater the amount of particles, the greater the pressure

  27. These laws describe the the behavior of gases in relationship to temperature and pressure • Boyle’s Law • Charles’ Law Gas Laws

  28. For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as the pressure decreases • The volume of gas decreases as the pressure increases • Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship Boyle’s Law

  29. At constant pressure as temperature increases, volume increases • As temperature decreases, volume decreases Charles’s Law

  30. The fourth state of matter • No definite shape or volume • Most unknown on earth but most common in universe • Created when electrons are stripped off of an atom leaving the charged particles • Found on earth in lightning strikes, auroras, and fluorescent lights • Affected by magnetic fields and can conduct electricity Plasmas

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