Social Work Research Opportunities at CDC

2. Social Work Research Opportunities at CDC

3. Lynda Doll, PhDAssociate Director for ScienceNational Center for Injury Prevention and Controllsd1@cdc.gov Don Lollar, EdDSenior Research ScientistsNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilitiesdlollar@cdc.gov

4. Goals for Session • Introduce CDC and its public health research • Examples of public health research at CDC: the Injury and Birth Defects Centers • Trends and challenges in public health research today QUESTIONS DISCUSSION

5. CDC’s Structure National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion National Center for Environmental Health National Center for Health Statistics National Center for Infectious Disease National Center for Injury Prevention and Control National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Immunization Program Epidemiology Program Office Public Health Practice Program Office

6. Public Health Research at CDC 1) Focuses on prevention 2) Links Science and Practice

7. Research Continuum by Agency Basic Applied NIH CDC

8. “The modern trend in academic circles is to neglect the microorganism as it exists in the outside world, in order to concentrate on the “domesticated” microbes that can so conveniently be handled in the chemist’s flasks and test tubes.” The Natural History of Infectious Diseases, 1962

9. “Academic health centers need more balance in research... They need faculty who are not just doing research in the laboratory, but people who can go out into the community and conduct community-based research to learn how to apply the findings.” Surgeon General David Satcher National Press Club, 5/6/98

10. Public health integrates research and evaluation to achieve measurable, positive results.

11. Public health operates at the population level, targeting groups and communities rather than individuals.

12. Top 10 Achievements of the 20th Century 1. • Vaccination • Healthier mothers and babies • Family planning • Safer and healthier foods • Fluoridation of drinking water • Control of infectious diseases 7. • Decline in deaths from heart disease and stroke • Recognition of tobacco use as a public health problem • Motor vehicle safety • Safer workplaces 2. 8. 3. 4. 9. 5. 10. 6.

13. Public health research is research that is directly applicable to the prevention or control of diseases, conditions, or injuries

14. Public Health Approach Reduce Injuries Assure Widespread Use Develop and test solutions Define the Problem Identify risk and protective factors

15. Research to Practice Model Prevention Programs Research Findings Research Agenda

16. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Program • Studies of prevalence of FAS • Targeted media campaigns aimed at reducing alcohol-exposed pregnancies • Educational intervention studies in high risk women • Scientific Working Group for uniform diagnostic guidelines for FAS • FAS Regional Training Centers for care providers • Identify interventions to improve outcomes of children with FAS

17. April 20, 1999: Columbine High School Littleton, CO High Profile School Shootings

18. School-Associated Violent Deaths Study • Study Objectives • Track the occurrence of these events • Identify common features of these events • Target interventions

19. Prevention Works

20. Research Funding Mechanisms • Grant – investigator initiated (PA) • Cooperative agreement -- shared research (RFA) • Contract – CDC directed. An acquisition of a product or service • Small business innovation research (SBIR)

21. Peer Review Process • An independent assessment of the scientific merit of research by peers who are scientists with knowledge and expertise equal to that of the researchers whose work they review. • Provide signed assurances that their assessments are free of any real or perceived conflicts of interest.

22. CDC Research Announcements • Annually: December --- May • Typically RFAs; some PAs • Announced in Federal Register and CDC’s Federal Solicitation Funding Brochure (FSFB)

23. CDC Research Announcements • Open 30 – 90 days • Applications similar to NIH • Follow directions/call CDC contact person • Funding: September 1st

25. ATLANTA - BALTIMORE - BOSTON - DENVER - LOS ANGELES

26. Works to reduce morbidity, disability, mortality, and costs associated with injuries National Center for Injury Prevention & Control

27. Burden of Injury

29. NCIPCSupports Research and Programs • Violence Prevention • Unintentional Injury • Acute care, disability, and rehabilitation

30. NCIPC Supports • Injury prevention programs • Surveillance systems • Extramural research programs (Investigator-initiated grants and cooperatives • 24 research centers • Intramural research programs

31. NCIPC Core Funding Core State Funding, FY01

32. NCIPC Allocation of Resources–FY03 Research 32.5% Extramural 87% Intramural 13% Program 50.7% Surveillance 11.7% Other 5.1%

33. NCIPCFY03 Research Expenditures • Grants 38% • Research Centers 29% • Cooperative Agreements 25% • Research Contracts 8%

34. Research Agenda • Developed with help from partners • Published in 2002 • Focuses on research that will have public health impact in the relatively near future

35. Research Agenda Objectives • Guide for funding decisions • Guide for extramural and intramural researchers • Guide for collaboration with other funding organizations

36. Criteria for Research Priorities • Congruency with Agency and Center Mission • injury reduction through public health methods • Public Health Burden • Research Opportunity: preventability; timeliness; broad application; accessible populations • Near Term Impact

37. The Phases of Prevention Research Diffusion Studies Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies Developmental Studies Foundational Research

38. Home and Community Safety • Disseminate effective interventions • Fires • Falls • Evaluate interventions • Mass trauma events • Childhood falls • Understand the role of supervision

39. Sports, Recreation & Exercise Safety • Disseminate effective interventions • Protective gear • Playground surfaces • Evaluate environmental, behavioral & regulatory interventions • Develop exposure data

40. Transportation Safety • Disseminate or evaluate effectiveness of interventions • Alcohol & driving • Pedestrians • Teen drivers • Older drivers • Occupants • Evidence based policy formulation

41. Intimate Partner & Sexual Violence and Child Maltreatment • Primary prevention by focusing on perpetration • Evaluate existing programs & strategies to disseminate • Develop new programs • Change social norms

42. Suicidal Behavior • Public health vs. traditional mental health • Evaluate efficacy & effectiveness • Suicide (Extant & New) • Other violence • Disseminate effective programs • Identify risk factors

43. Youth Violence • Disseminate strategies of effective programs (adoption, costs) • Evaluate program (and cost) effectiveness • Parenting • Identify modifiable risk and protective factors • Perpetration • Victimization • Community & Sociocultural • Clarify relationship of youth and other violence

44. Acute Care, Disability & Rehabilitation • Evaluate the effectiveness of clinical prevention services in acute care settings • TBI & SCI • Special population epidemiology • Consequences,services & costs • Secondary condition prevention • Determine costs/benefits of trauma care systems

45. Research Agenda Crosscutting Priorities • Evaluate methods for translating research findings into programs and policies • Evaluate the effectiveness of programs • Parenting • Alcohol • Identify the costs and consequences of injury • Build research infrastructure

46. FY04 Research Announcements • Grants • Cooperative Agreements • Contracts • SBIR

47. Annual Research Grants Announcements • Violence • Acute care, rehabilitation and disability • Biomechanics • Unintentional injury prevention • Injury research centers • Youth violence centers • New investigators • Dissertations

48. For Information on the Research Agenda or Research Funding • www.cdc.gov/ncipc • “What’s new” • “Grants and Funding”

50. What’s New in Research At CDC?