SELECTING RESEARCH DESIGN

1. SELECTING RESEARCH DESIGN Yulia Sofiatin COMMUNITY RESEARCH PROGRAM5 2012

2. Formulating research problem Constructing instrument Conceptualizing research design Selecting samples Reporting Data processing Data collection Research proposal RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3. Choose the most appropriate study design for each study objective/title : • Qualitative study • Cross-sectional • Case-control • Cohort study • Experimental study • Descriptive study • Case-report

4. Mother’s perception on oral rehydration in West java The effect of peer-education on student’s sexual activity Carbohydrat isolation in several kind of peas Incidence of stroke in families with and without family history of hypertension Measurement of FEV1 of 100 medical students after 30 minutes Treadmill exercise Comparison of FEV1 of 100 medical students before and after 30 minutes/day aerobic exercise for 3 months

5. Association between breast cancer and number of cigarette smoking in women. Pattern of bone fracture in patients with motorcycle accident admitted to Emergency Room, Hasan Sadikin Hospital. Correlation between the knowledge of peer-educator and peer’s knowledge on smoking cessation. Rare experience: treatment of severe distribution shock after albumin administration in male patient with lupus nephritis

6. Cross Sectional Cohort study Case Control ` Case Series Clinical Trial Time line of different study design Case Report T i m e l i n e

7. Starting point Exposure A With disease Without disease Exposure B Case control CONCLUSION

8. Starting point With disease Exposure A Without disease Exposure B Cohort CONCLUSION

9. Metformin Compl (+) Compl (+) Compl (-) Compl (-) Sample Sulfonil urea Population Cross-sectional Study

10. No Yes Sample No Yes Clinical Trial Outcome Treatment CONCLUSION Placebo Random selection Population Blinded administration

11. No Yes Sample No Yes Laboratory experimental Effect Disease Treatment CONCLUSION Objects Placebo Random selection Population Control Blinded administration

12. Selection of study design depends on: • Research question/problem/objective • Time & resources availability • Common/rare disease • Expected outcome • Quality of data • Established design

13. Although screening of blood donors prevents HCV infection through blood transfusion, the prevalence of the infection remains high in patients who are on chronic hemodialysis, presumably because of previous frequent blood transfusions and nosocomial transmission. A recent study in patients with normal renal function showed that interferon treatment lowered the rate of the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma by a factor of 2, whereas another study reported that the therapy improved the survival but did not reduce the risk of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C. The therapy has also been applied to hemodialyzed patients, but several limitations compromise its usefulness for these patients: Interferon is expensive, liver biopsy for definite diagnosis is reported to be risky for hemodialyzed patients because of their tendency of bleed, the therapy may cause serious adverse effects, and, most important, the natural history of HCV infection in hemodialyzed patients is unclear. J Am Soc Nephrol 11: 1896–1902, 2000

14. Based on the article above, several problems arise. Choose the most appropriate study design for each study questions. Cross sectional study Cohort study Case control study Clinical trial Experimental study Qualitative study

15. Choose the most appropriate research design Is screening to blood donors in our facility conducted in an appropriate manner? How big is the correlation between blood transfusion and HCV infection in our setting? How long does it take for a chronic hemodialysis patient to suffer HCV infection? Is interferon in our patients as effective as in patients in the research?