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Nutrition

Nutrition. 0. Why do we need to eat?. What do we need to eat?. What happens to food we eat?. Nutrition. 0. Why do we need to eat?. energy. calories. building blocks. macronutrients. micronutrients. Macronutrients. 0. carbohydrates. lipids (fats). proteins. Micronutrients.

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Nutrition

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  1. Nutrition 0 Why do we need to eat? What do we need to eat? What happens to food we eat?

  2. Nutrition 0 Why do we need to eat? energy calories building blocks macronutrients micronutrients

  3. Macronutrients 0 carbohydrates lipids (fats) proteins Micronutrients vitamins, minerals

  4. 0 Carbohydrates starches and sugars most calories for most people wheat, rice, oats, corn,… Contain: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Cn(H2O)n

  5. 0 Carbohydrates building blocks are called: monosaccharides aka., simple sugars e.g., glucose, fructose

  6. Fig. 10-1

  7. 0 Carbohydrates Put two -saccharides together: disaccharide e.g., lactose, sucrose, maltose

  8. 0 Carbohydrates Put many -saccharides together: glucose polysaccharides cellulose starch glycogen

  9. 0 Carbohydrates cellulose plant, unbranched starch plant, branched glycogen animal, branched All made from glucose

  10. glucose + O2 H20 + CO2 + ATP 0 Why do we need glucose ? ingestive heterotrophs cellular respiration energy

  11. Macronutrients 0 carbohydrates lipids

  12. 0 lipids (fats, oils, steroids) molecules that do not mix with water made of hydrocarbon chains non-polar

  13. - O + H H + 0 water is polar unequally shared electrons

  14. 0 Some other molecules are “polar” and will mix well with water: hydrophilic Some molecules are not polar (non-polar) and don’t mix well with water: hydrophobic

  15. 0 Some lipids are made from fatty acids:

  16. Fig. 10-2

  17. 0 Some lipids are made from fatty acids: fats and oils

  18. Fig. 10-3

  19. 0 Some lipids are made from fatty acids: fats and oils Some are made from cholesterol:

  20. Fig. 10-3

  21. 0 Some lipids are made from fatty acids: fats and oils Some are made from cholesterol: steroids

  22. 0 cell membranes are made of: phospholipids

  23. Fig. 10-4

  24. 0 cell membranes are made of: bilayer phospholipids

  25. Fig. 10-4

  26. 0 cell membranes are made of: bilayer phopholipids cholesterol

  27. Fig. 10-4

  28. 0 cell membranes are made of: bilayer phopholipids cholesterol proteins

  29. Macronutrients 0 carbohydrates lipids (fats) proteins

  30. 0 Proteins: building blocks are called: amino acids (20) e.g., glycine, valine (8 are essential)

  31. Fig. 10-5

  32. 0 Proteins: Functions: structure collagen, keratin transport through membrane

  33. Fig. 10-4

  34. 0 Proteins: Functions: structure collagen, keratin transport through membrane protection antibodies enzymes DNA Polymerase

  35. Fig. 10-7

  36. 0 Fiber carbohydrate (cellulose) not a source of calories helps “move” stuff through gut lower blood cholesterol

  37. 0 Micronutrients Vitamins (table 10.2)

  38. 0 Micronutrients Vitamins (table 10.2) too much (bottom pp. 336 and 338) too little diseases

  39. 0 diseases beri-beri thiamine a vital amine vitamin

  40. 0 diseases beri-beri thiamine (B1) scurvy C D rickets

  41. 0 Micronutrients Vitamins Minerals Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++, iron, etc.

  42. 0 “vegetarian” vs. omnivore meat-avoiders meat-eaters plants material are good sources for most nutrients except: balance of amino acids vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)

  43. 0 REVIEW Chapter 10 Nutrition A. Human nutritional requirements • Macronutrients Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids • Micronutrients vitamins and minerals B. Digestive system • Anatomy and chemistry • absorbing nutrients • Cellular respiration

  44. 0 Digestion breakdown food using enzymes chemical vs mechanical physically break food into smaller pieces

  45. 0 Digestion Tube from mouth to anus

  46. Fig. 10-8

  47. Fig. 10-9

  48. Chemical reactions: 0 enzyme reactants products

  49. Protein digestion: 0 stomach (stomach) pepsin protein peptides

  50. Protein digestion: 0 small intestine (pancreas) trypsin protein peptides (small intestine) peptidase peptides amino acids blood

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