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Religious diversity and pluralism

Explore the rich tapestry of global religions, comprising over 4 billion practitioners. This introduction outlines major faiths such as Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and more, while examining diverse perspectives on religious pluralism, inclusivism, and exclusivism. Delve into the significance of religious tolerance, ethical implications, and the ways beliefs shape our realities. Engage with critical questions that challenge our understanding of competing religious systems and the notions of truth, belief, and mutual respect in an increasingly diverse world.

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Religious diversity and pluralism

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  1. Religious diversity and pluralism Intro to Religion

  2. Diversity of Religions • Major World Religions • Christianity - 33% - 2.1 Billion • Islam – 21% - 1.5 Billion • Secular/Agnostic/Atheist - 16% 1.1 Billion • Hinduism – 14% 900 Million • Chinese Traditional Religions - 6% - 394 Million • Buddhism – 6% - 376 Million • Indigenous – 6% - 300 Million • African Traditional & Diasporic – 6% - 100 Million • Sikhism (23 Million), Juche (19 Million) & Spirtism (15 Millsion) • Judaism - .22% - 14 Million

  3. Approaches to Relgious Diversity • Atheism • Agnosticism • Religious relativism – explanations and truths in religions can be regarded as “effective” for its adherents, but there is no objective truth that transcendences personal experience. • Religious Pluralism – ultimately all religions are correct, each offering a different path and partial perspective. • Religious Inclusivism – only one religion is fully correct, but other religions participate and reveal partial truths. It is possible to obtain salvation through many paths • Religious Exclusivism – one world religion is correct & all others mistaken. Salvation is found only through one

  4. Evaluating religious system • Criteria (what are the ways they justify their beliefs) • Logical consistency (is it logical, rational and not contradictory) • Coherence of overall system (do these beliefs work together as a system of understanding reality in entirely?) • Consistency with knowledge in other fields (science, etc) • Reasonable answers to fundamental questions • Existential plausibility (can we think it true in reality, does it make sense in a material/empirical way?) • Ethical, sociological, and psychological value or impact (how do we feel about it, does it help us cope/live?)

  5. Religious Tolerance • Religious tolerance is recognizing and respecting the religious beliefs and practices of others • A paradigm shift from rejecting to understanding • Tolerance doesn’t affirm that everyone is right, but does realize that everyone is significant.

  6. Questions for Discussion • Which of the 6 approaches to religious diversity do you find most persuasive? Why exactly? • Can one hold to exclusivism or inclusivism and also be religiously tolerant? What would tolerance mean in these cases? • Do you believe that it is possible to compare rival religious systems in such a way that one can objectively(rational not emotional and without history or cultural context) assess their plausibility? (come to a conclusion about which one has the truth right and which has it wrong)

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