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Figure 1 - Forces that act on the suspension system.

Figure 1 - Forces that act on the suspension system. Figure 2 - Leaf springs. Figure 3 - Longitudinal multiple-leaf spring. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited). Figure 4 - Auxiliary spring under load. Figure 5 - A transverse spring. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited).

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Figure 1 - Forces that act on the suspension system.

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  1. Figure 1 - Forces that act on the suspension system.

  2. Figure 2 - Leaf springs.

  3. Figure 3 - Longitudinal multiple-leaf spring.(Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

  4. Figure 4 - Auxiliary spring under load.

  5. Figure 5 - A transverse spring.(Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

  6. Figure 6 - Fixed rate leaf spring (bottom) and variable rate spring (top).

  7. Figure 7 - Spring insulators.

  8. Figure 8 - Spring rate of a fixed rate coil spring.

  9. Figure 9 - Variable rate coil spring designs. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

  10. Figure 10 - Longitudinal torsion bar. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

  11. Figure 11 - Transverse torsion bar suspension.

  12. Figure 12 - Air spring.

  13. Figure 13 - Air spring combined with a coil spring.

  14. Figure 14 - Basic shock absorber components.

  15. Figure 15 - Shock absorber in jounce condition.(Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

  16. Figure 16 - Shock absorber in rebound condition.(Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

  17. Figure 17 - Dual-action hydraulic shock absorber.

  18. Figure 18 - Gas-charged shock absorber.

  19. Figure 19 - Load leveller shock absorbers.

  20. Figure 20 - GM electronic level control shock absorber.(Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

  21. Figure 21 - Automatic ride control shock absorber.

  22. Figure 22 - Various shock absorber mounting methods.

  23. Figure 23 - Twisting action of stabilizer when cornering.

  24. Figure 24 - Front stabilizer. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

  25. Figure 25 - Rear stabilizer. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

  26. Figure 26 - Stabilizer replacement parts. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

  27. Figure 27 - Stabilizer bar bushings.

  28. Figure 28 - A-frame triangulation. (Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

  29. Figure 29 - Triangulation of single-pivot lower control arm with strut rod.

  30. Figure 30 - Threaded steel suspension bushings.(Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

  31. Figure 31 - Torsilastic suspension bushings.(Courtesy General Motors of Canada Limited)

  32. Figure 32 - Examples of ball joints. (Courtesy Dana Corporation)

  33. Figure 33 - Single I-beam front suspension. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

  34. Figure 34 - Twin I-beam front suspension. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

  35. Figure 35 - I-beam arrangement with one beam removed.

  36. Figure 36 - Short and long arm suspension.

  37. Figure 37 - MacPherson strut suspension.

  38. Figure 38 - Modified strut.

  39. Figure 39 - Double wishbone suspension.

  40. Figure 40 - Solid axle rear-wheel drive with leaf springs.(Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

  41. Figure 41 - Solid axle rear-wheel drive with coil springs.(Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

  42. Figure 42 - Independent rear-wheel drive suspension.(Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

  43. Figure 43 - Independent trailing arm suspension.(Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

  44. Figure 44 - Solid rear axle suspension typical of many front-wheel drive vehicles. (Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

  45. Figure 45 - Trailing arm rear suspension.(Courtesy Federal Mogul Canada)

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