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Landmark Civil Rights Legislation

Landmark Civil Rights Legislation. The Affect of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . Aftermath of Birmingham. Despite the success of the Birmingham campaign, the city did not change overnight, nor did the events there bring immediate equality for African Americans.

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Landmark Civil Rights Legislation

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  1. Landmark Civil Rights Legislation The Affect of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

  2. Aftermath of Birmingham • Despite the success of the Birmingham campaign, the city did not change overnight, nor did the events there bring immediate equality for African Americans. • The campaign did have important effects. • Increased support for the civil rights movement around the country. • More Americans came to identify with the movement’s emphasis on rights, freedom, equality, and opportunity.

  3. Integration of Ole Miss

  4. Governor Ross Barnett, during a radio address claimed, "I call on every Mississippian to keep his faith and courage. We will never surrender.”

  5. JFK “Are we to say to the world- and much more importantly, to each other- that this is the land of the free, except for the Negro” ~ JFK on the night on Evers assassination

  6. Do Now • How did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Affect African-Americans? With a partner, write 4 specific facts from the data to respond to this question (p. 587 History Alive)

  7. Main Idea • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most important civil rights law passed since Reconstruction and was a landmark in a long struggle for equality by African Americans. President Lyndon Johnson and Martin Luther King, Jr. shake hands following the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

  8. I. 1963 March on Washington • A. Civil Rights movement gains support following the campaign in Birmingham, Alabama (1963) • B. 1963 March on Washington for jobs and freedom as well as the passage of Civil Rights legislation. • C. Largest political gathering in American History (250,000+ participants, 60,000 whites) • D. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers “I have a dream.” speech. Bet you didn’t know: March on Washington MLK leads March on Washington

  9. II. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • A. Congress takes legislative action to advance Civil Rights in 1963 • B. President Kennedy supported Civil Rights Bill • C. Following Kennedy’s assassination the bill was filibustered (stalled to prevent its passing) • D. Ultimately, the bill was passed in July of 1964 • E. Bill banned discrimination on the basis, of race, sex, religion or national origin President Johnson signing the landmark legislation July 2, 1964

  10. Found Poem – “I Have A Dream Speech” • A found poem is shaped from a collection of words or phrases found in one text. • Today read the text of MLK’s famous speech • Then create a poem from the words or phrases found in the poem.

  11. III. Selma, Alabama • A. Some southern states had used poll taxes to prevent blacks from voting. • B. There was still more to be done to ensure that black citizens could actually vote. • C. Selma, Alabama: Blacks were 50% of the population; only 3% of voters. • D. Voter registrations were met with police violence. • E. Forces action on Voting Rights Act

  12. VI. Voting Rights Act of 1965 • A. Eliminates Literacy Tests and other tactics used to deny African Americans the right to vote. • B. The act also called for the federal gov’t to supervise voter registration so eligible voters would not be turned away. • In Selma, registration of African-Americans rose from 10% in 1964 to 60% in 1968.

  13. Impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965

  14. Redefining Equality The Rise of Black Power in the 1960s & 1970s

  15. Do Now • View the two visuals and statements from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (Civil Rights Activists) how did the goals and strategies of the movement change? Many activists moved beyond the goal of integration, focusing more on achieving economic and political equality. For many, the strategies used to achieve these goals also shifted from nonviolent action to more aggressive direct action.

  16. Main Idea • Disagreements among civil rights groups and the rise of black nationalism created a violent period in the fight for civil rights. Gold Medalist Tommie Smith, (center) and Bronze medalist John Carlos (right) showing the raised fist on the podium after the 200m in the 1968 Summer Olympics wearing Olympic Project for Human Rights badges “Black Power” became the battle-cry for militant civil rights activists.

  17. I. Racism in the North • A. 1965 – Civil Rights groups begin to split apart. • B. Convincing whites to share economic and social power with African Americans was more difficult than convincing them to share lunch counters and bus seats. • C. Race Riots erupt in the North as the struggle for equality continues This eight-foot high, one-half mile long "wailing wall" separated white subdivisions in Detroit from an adjoining black neighborhood. (1951)

  18. Race Riots in Urban Centers

  19. Race Riots in Urban Centers The Watts Riots was a civil disturbance in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, California from August 11 to August 15, 1965. The five-day riot resulted in 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries, 3,438 arrests and over $40 million in property damage.

  20. II. Kerner Commission • A. 1967 – President Johnson creates committee to examine cause of riots • B. Findings? • C. Unfilled expectations of the Civil Rights movement • D. Some African Americans see violence as the only way to “move the system.” Illinois Governor Otto Kerner concluded that “Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white – separate and unequal.”

  21. III. The Rise of Black Power • A. New African-American leaders urged followers to take control of their communities, lives and culture • B. Malcolm X & Nation of Islam claimed whites caused “black condition” • C. Led to Black Nationalism – called for complete separation from white society. • D. Black Panthers - embraced these radical new ideas • E. In what ways were these ideas different from MLK? Malcolm X advocated separation from whites as opposed to integration

  22. IV. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 • A. By late 1960s MLK shifted his focus from integration to economic equality • B. Racial discrimination in housing segregated many American cities • C. Congress passed a fair-housing law that banned discrimination in housing sales and rentals.

  23. V. Assassinations & Unfinished Work • A. Malcolm X cuts ties with the Nation of Islam in 1964 and is assassinated in Harlem in 1965. • B. MLK assassinated April 4, 1968 in Memphis, TN • C. Civil Rights movement succeeded in changing many discriminatory laws • D. Changing people’s attitudes about inequality, poverty and racism was not as easy • E. In many ways Dr. King’s dream was a reality, yet much work still remains today.

  24. MLK & Malcolm X: Case Study • Read the handouts in your groups and answer the questions together. • Then complete the “Who Said It?” challenge individually. • Come back together and see if you have similar answers. Debate the areas that are different with your group members and try to achieve resolution.

  25. Civil Rights Performance Assessment • Scheduled for Wednesday • Be able to interpret/analyze information as it relates to Civil Rights Movement • Be able to compare MLK & Malcolm X

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