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TILLAGE

TILLAGE. FUNCTIONS OF TILLAGE CONTROL WEEDS BREAK STRUCTURE OF SOIL (AID IN PLANTING AND LEVELING) REDUCE RESIDUE COVER. Compaction Study Hopkins County 1994 Happy Hollow Farms. HARVEST RUTS. LOOKS BAD TWO TYPES - NON COMPACTED RUTS - COMPACTED RUTS

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TILLAGE

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  1. TILLAGE FUNCTIONS OF TILLAGE • CONTROL WEEDS • BREAK STRUCTURE OF SOIL (AID IN PLANTING AND LEVELING) • REDUCE RESIDUE COVER

  2. Compaction Study Hopkins County 1994 Happy Hollow Farms

  3. HARVEST RUTS • LOOKS BAD • TWO TYPES • - NON COMPACTED RUTS • - COMPACTED RUTS • BOTH CAN BE IN THE SAME FIELD

  4. HARVEST RUTS • 4. NON COMPACTED RUTS • - LOOK THE WORST • - RAISED RIDGES ON EACH SIDE OF TRACK • - A LOT OF MUD • - SOIL FILLED WITH WATER • - WATER DOES NOT ALLOW COMPACTION • - DESTROY STRUCTURE OF SQUISHED SOIL • - SMOOTH AREA • - START ALL OVER AGAIN • - SMOOTHING • - ROLLER WHEN SOIL SATURATED • - SURFACE TILLAGE WHEN SOIL IS DRY

  5. NON COMPACTED RUT WHEEL TRACK SOIL SURFACE ----------------- FILLED TRACK

  6. HARVEST RUTS • 5. COMPACTED RUTS • - DON’T LOOK TOO BAD • - LITTLE OR NO LIP ON RUT • - COMPRESSED TRACK • - BREAK SOIL TO DEPTH OF COMPACTION • - YIELD DROP NOT GREAT UNLESS PLANTED • ON TOP OF TRACK • - TILLING TO SIX INCHES REMOVES • 70-80% OF YIELD REDUCTION • - NO-TILL WILL HAVE LESS COMPACTION

  7. COMPACTED RUT

  8. HARVEST RUTS • DEPTH OF COMPACTION • - SOIL – ¼ LARGE PORES – EASILY COMPACTED • ¼ SMALL PORES • ½ SOLIDS • - COMPACTION DEPTH • ¼ = ¾ INCH COMPACTED SOIL • 1 INCH = 3 INCH • 3 INCHES = 9 INCHES • 4 INCHES = 12 INCHES

  9. HARVEST RUTS • DETERMINING COMPACTION • - USE PENETROMETER, METAL ROD, LONG SCREWDRIVER, ETC. • - COMPARE RUT AND NON RUT AREA • - HARD TO PUSH THEN BREAK THROUGH • - MEASURE DEPTH

  10. Lime Quality and Recommendations • Lime quality has been deteriorating for the last several years. • Spring 2006. 42% of all lime sources were lower than state law minimums. RNV’s ranged from 26 to 89. • Reason. Present lime law in unenforceable or cost of production is too high. • Solution. Let the market place be the common denominator. • New Recommendation Method – recommend lime based on 100% effective lime. Bulk lime needed will be determined by RNV of the lime source sold. RNV will be determined by KDA sampling and analysis. • Training in 2007. Implementation in 2007.

  11. FORMULA Bulk Lime = Tons of Recommended Effective Lime ÷ RNV (as a decimal) Examples 1) Soil pH = 5.7 Recommended Effective Lime = 1.33 tons Buffer pH = 6.7 Bulk Lime (Table) = 2.5 tons/ac Target pH = 6.4 Bulk Lime formula = 1.33 tons ÷ 0.54 (RNV) = 2.5 tons/ac RNV = 0.54 2) Soil pH = 5.5 Recommended Effective Lime = 2.0 Buffer pH = 6.5 Bulk Lime (Table) = 3.0 tons/ac Target pH = 6.4 Bulk Lime formula = 2.0 tons ÷ 0.64 (RNV) = 3.1 RNV = 0.64

  12. ECONOMICS Recommendations of Effective Lime allows one to compare lime values more easily from different sources for the best buy. Example: Recommended Effective Lime = 2.0 tons/acre Bulk Lime Needed Source A: 0.54 RNV (2.0 ÷ 0.54) = 3.7 tons/acre Source B: 0.67 RNV (2.0 ÷ 0.67) = 3.0 tons/acre Source A and B both cost $15/ton spread Area = 500 acres Cost Source A: 0.54 RNV = 3.7 tons/acre X $15/ac X 500/ac = $27,750 Source B: 0.67 RNV = 3.0 tons/acre X $15/ac X 500/ac = $22,500 This is almost a 25% difference in final costs.

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