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TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE

TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE. GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM. GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM. GTS: Global network for the transmission of meteorological data from weather stations, satellites and numerical weather prediction centres ,

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TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE

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  1. TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  2. GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM GTS:Global network for the transmission ofmeteorological data from weather stations, satellites and numerical weather prediction centres, GTS consists of an integrated network of point-to-point circuits, and multi-point circuits, The circuits of the GTS are composed of acombination of terrestrial and satellite telecommunication links Meteorological Telecommunication Centres are responsible for receiving data and relaying it selectively on GTS circuits. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  3. GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM Purpose of the GTS To facilitate cooperation in respect of meteorological telecommunications between Members; To specify obligations of Members in the implementation of the World Weather Watch (WWW) Global Telecommunication System (GTS); To ensure uniformity and standardization in the practices and procedures employed in achieving items above. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  4. GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM The GTS is organized on a three level basis: The Main Telecommunication Network (MTN) The Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Networks (RMTNs) The National Meteorological Telecommunication Networks (NMTNs) 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  5. STRUCTURE OF THE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  6. THE MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (MTN) Core network of GTS, Linking together three World Meteorological Centres (WMCs) and 15 Regional Telecommunication Hubs (RTHs): WMCs: Melbourne, Moscow and Washington; RTHs: Algiers, Beijing, Exeter, Brasilia, Buenos Aires, Cairo, Dakar, Jeddah, Nairobi, New Delhi, Offenbach, Toulouse, Prague, Sofia and Tokyo. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  7. THE REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS The RMTNs consist of an integrated network of circuits interconnecting meteorological centres, which are complemented by radio broadcasts where necessary. Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Networks are: Africa, Asia, South America, North America-Central America & the Caribbean, South-West Pacific, Europe 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  8. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE GTS General responsibilities of Regional Associations Establishment and maintenance of an effective telecommunication system which shall include the optimal and appropriate use of terrestrial and/or satellite telecommunication means. For data dissemination systems (either terrestrial or via satellite), each regional association shall establish the content, schedule and other coordinated aspects of operations. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  9. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE GTS General responsibilities of Members Members shall ensure that their national collecting system for observational reports allows both national and international needs to be met. When adopting international and regional telecommunication plans, Members shall ensure that technical characteristics and operational methods are compatible with the regional telecommunication networks. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  10. FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION CENTRES The WMCs and the RTHs shall be responsible for: Collecting the bulletins from their associated NMCs and transmitting them in the appropriate form on the MTN, either directly or through the appropriate WMC/RTH; Disseminating the bulletins which they receive from these circuits and/or from RTHs not situated on the MTN selectively on the circuits of the MTN; Ensuring the selective distribution of bulletins to the associated NMCs and to the RTHs not situated on the MTN which they serve; 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  11. FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION CENTRES The WMCs and the RTHs shall be responsible for: Before relaying a message issued from their zones of responsibility checking the parts related to the telecommunications of the message in order to maintain standard telecommunication procedures. Establishing data dissemination systems (terrestrial and/or via satellite) as required in accordance with regional plans; Carrying out the monitoring of the operation of the GTS of the WWW; For WMCs/RTHs on the MTN, maintaining the Catalogue of Meteorological Bulletins as regards bulletins issued from the zone for which they are responsible for the collection, exchange and distribution of data 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  12. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE GTS General responsibilities of NMCs Collecting observational data from their own territory as well as observational data from aircraft and ships received by centres located within the area of responsibility. This collection shall take place as soon as possible and shall be completed within 15 minutes of the observing station’s filing time; (the observing station’s filing time is defined as the time at which the coded meteorological report is first presented to the telecommunication system). Compiling such data into bulletins and transmitting them to the associated RTH, in compliance with standard telecommunications procedures; (NMCs may be associated with more than one RTH) 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  13. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE GTS General responsibilities of NMCs Receiving and distributing observational data and processed meteorological information, to meet the requirements of the Members concerned; Carrying out the relevant monitoring of the operation of the GTS of the WWW. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  14. CONFIGURATION OF THE MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK The names of these centres, together with a diagram indicating the configuration of the MTN, are: 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  15. CONFIGURATION OF THE MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK The MTN shall be designed in such a way that the traffic originating from each centre (WMC, designated RTH) will be routed selectively towards the receiver centre(s). The MTN shall have the function of providing an efficient, reliable communication service between the designated centres, in order to ensure: Rapid and reliable exchange of observational data required to meet the GDPFS (Global Data-processing and Forecasting System) requirements; Exchange of processed information between the WMCs, including data received from meteorological satellites; Transmission of processed information produced by the WMCs, to meet the requirements ofRSMCs and NMCs; Transmission of other observational data and processed information required for interregional exchange. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  16. RESPONSIBILITIES OF CENTRES ON THE MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF OBSERVATIONAL DATA AND PROCESSED INFORMATION The responsibilities are: 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  17. PRINCIPLES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EXCHANGEPROGRAMME FOROBSERVATIONAL DATA ON THE MAINTELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK Type of information: Surface observations on land and sea, including data from ships and buoys; Upper-air observations including data from aircraft; Climatological data; Selected satellite data; Seismic data (level 1), tsunami and other types of data as agreed. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  18. PRINCIPLES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EXCHANGEPROGRAMME FOROBSERVATIONAL DATA ON THE MAINTELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK Stations/areas from which reports should be included in the bulletins that are to beexchanged All surface stations. The SYNOP reports from land stations exchanged on the MTN shall include at least Sections 0 and 1 of the SYNOP code form. All stations (on land or at sea) making radiosonde/radiowind observations; All aircraft; All climatological stations; All oceanographical stations. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  19. RESPONSIBILITIES OF CENTRES LOCATED ON THE MTN FOR THE EXCHANGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROCESSED INFORMATION AND SATELLITE DATA 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  20. IMPROVED MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (IMTN) Most (17 of 25) of the MTN point-to-point circuits have migrated to managed data communication network services. Two networks were established for the Improved MTN (IMTN), designated as IMTN Network I [Cloud I] and IMTN Network II [Cloud II], and operated by two different providers. However, some legacy links still exist attached to both networks. Currently, 17 of 25 MTN circuits are operated on these networks (Networks I and II in following Figure) while 8 are still operated on traditional point-to-point links. Twelve of 18 MTN centres have joined the two networks. RTHs Exeter, Tokyo and Moscow are designated gateways for both networks. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  21. IMPROVED MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (IMTN) Network I Tokyo Beijing Washington Melbourne Sofia Moscow New Delhi Prague Brasilia Exeter Buenos Aires Jeddah Offenbach Network II Nairobi Managed data communication network Toulouse Cairo Dakar Algiers Improved Main Telecommunication Network 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  22. IMPROVED MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (IMTN) Network-I The IMTN Network I (Cloud I) was established in 2003, interconnecting MTN links between Exeter, Melbourne, Tokyo and Washington. The network has been operating very reliably via the FR (frame relay) network provided by BT Ignite. Other resilience measures were introduced, including the implementation by Washington, Melbourne and Tokyo of automatic re-routing capabilities, which enabled the redirection of traffic between two centres via the router of the third centre. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  23. IMPROVED MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (IMTN) Washington Primary PVC BoM Backup PVC 1.5Mbps 32k,16k CIR in kbps 32k Access line 1.5Mbps 32k 32k 768k 16k Network I 4k Exeter Tokyo 16k 32k 32k 4k 64k 256kbps 16k 16k 64k 16k 32k 256kbps 256kbps DRSBrisbane Melbourne Configuration of IMTN Network I (Frame Relay) Network-I Configuration of the IMTN Network I as of September 2007 is shown in following figure. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  24. IMPROVED MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (IMTN) Network-II The IMTN Network II was implemented operationally in 2004 as an extension of the RA-VI-RMDCN, the regional telecommunication network for Region VI, initially based on the FR network provided by OBS (Orange Business Service, former EQUANT). Centres from other Regions were allowed to join RMDCN, including MTN centres Beijing, Jeddah, New Delhi and Tokyo. In June 2007 the Frame Relay network was replaced by an IP VPN MPLS(Multiprotocol Label Switching) based network also operated by OBS. ECMWF continues to play a key role in both the management and operation of the network. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  25. IMPROVED MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (IMTN) Moscow Sofia Beijing Tokyo 2 M 512 512 K 1 M Prague 512 K 512 K 2 M Network II (RMDCN IP VPN MPLS) 2 M 1 M 2 M 128 K New Delhi 128 K 2 M 2 M Exeter 2 M 128 K 4 M 2 M Access speed IP VPN Port speed 512 K 2 M Toulouse Jeddah Offenbach Configuration of IMTN Network II (MPLS) Network-II Following figure shows the current configuration of the IMTN Network II. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  26. IMPROVED MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (IMTN) Network-II The use of MPLStechnology has brought significant flexibility to the exchange of information in Network II and in RA VI RMDCN as a whole since MPLS allows any-to-any connectivity. Due to its own nature, MPLS cannot provide the same level of end-to-end traffic control as the point-to-point circuits and the Permanent Virtual Circuits of the Frame Relay networks. So, good coordination and efficient network management are extremely important elements of success of GTS MPLS-based networks. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  27. IMPROVED MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (IMTN) MTN circuits outside IMTNs I and II RTHs Brasilia and Buenos Aires were originally planned to join IMTN Network I while RTHs Algiers, Cairo, Dakar and Nairobi would join Network II. Brasilia and Buenos Aires have indicated their willingness to join while Dakar and Nairobi have indicated their preference for other solutions. No further decision from Algiers is available at this time. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  28. IMPROVED MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (IMTN) MTN circuits outside IMTN Networks I and II The current connections to MTN centres outside the IMTN Networks I and II are as follows: Algiers – Toulouse: 64 kbps Dakar – Toulouse: 34.8 kbps Cairo – Moscow: 64 kbps Cairo – Nairobi: 9.6 kbps Cairo - New Delhi : 100 bps Nairobi – Offenbach: 64 kbps Brasilia – Washington: 64 kbps, IP socket Buenos Aires - Washington: 64 kbps, IP socket 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  29. IMPROVED MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (IMTN) Additional circuits linking MTN centres Several additional circuits connect to MTN centres but are not considered MTN circuits. The following circuits are functional at present: Algiers - Cairo: 4.8 kbps Algiers - Dakar: 50 bps Algiers - Jeddah: 50 bps Beijing - Melbourne: Internet Beijing - Moscow: RMDCN IP VPN MPLS Beijing - New Delhi: RMDCN IP VPN MPLS Brasilia - Buenos Aires: 64 kbps Exeter - Offenbach: RMDCN IP VPN MPLS Jeddah - Washington: Internet Prague - Toulouse: RMDCN IP VPN MPLS Sofia - Toulouse: RMDCN IP VPN MPLS Melbourne - Moscow: Internet (planned, to gain MTN status) Moscow - Washington: IP VPN via Internet (planned for 2007, to gain MTN status) Nairobi - Toulouse: 64 kbps New Delhi - Melbourne: Internet 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  30. IMPROVED MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (IMTN) The implementation of the IMTN brings various benefits: (1) further reliability  stable operation for real-time data exchange (2) better performance in output  exchange of large volume of data such as satellite data/products (3) manageable link parameters  efficient configuration to meet traffic conditions (4) flexibility and scalability  easy compliance with evolving requirements (5) cost-effectiveness  saving recurrent costs 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  31. REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONNETWORKS The regional meteorological telecommunication networks comprise the following meteorological transmission systems and circuits: The circuits of the MTN which pass through the Region; The main regional circuits, consisting of point-to-point circuits (either landline or satellite) interconnecting the RTHs in the Region; The regional circuits, consisting of point-to-point circuits, point-to-multipoint circuits and multipoint to-point circuits (landline, satellite or radio) connecting the NMCs to the RTHs or other NMCs in the Region; Interregional circuits, consisting of point-to-point circuits (landline, satellite or radio) interconnecting RTHs or WMCs to RTHs in different Regions; Supplementary interregional circuits, consisting of point-to-point circuits (landline, satellite or radio) which connect WMCs, RTHs and NMCs to RSMCs or NMCs located in other Regions; Radio broadcasts and other radio facilities. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  32. NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONNETWORKS The choice of telecommunication networks and facilities for the collection of information from stations located within a country or territory shall be a matter for decision by the Member concerned. The arrangements for national collections should comply at least with the WWW requirements as regards maximum tolerable delay and reliability of reception. In order to meet the needs of the WWW for timely and reliable transmission and reception, telecommunication networks intended only for meteorological requirements should be established. Where facilities mentioned above are not available or are not practicable, arrangements should be made for the use of other facilities, such as: Special-purpose telecommunication systems (e.g. aeronautical circuits); Commercial telecommunication services available to the public. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  33. NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONNETWORKS Transmissions from NMCs to the appropriate RTH or RTHs shall include at least thefollowing information: Surface and upper-air synoptic reports from land stations and fixed ship stations required by regional agreement for regional and interregional exchange; All reports from mobile ship stations and aircraft received either directly or from other collecting centres, within the area covered by the NMC transmission; Other information as required by regional agreement. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  34. TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE MONITORING THE OPERATIONS OF THE WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  35. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Objectives: To improve the performance of the World Weather Watch (WWW), in particular the efficiency and effectiveness of the operation of the WWW Global Observing System (GOS), the Global Data-processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS) and the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) on a national, a regional and a global level. As the operation of these three elements of the WWW (GOS, GDPFS and GTS) is so interrelated, each element cannot be monitored independently. For efficient monitoring of the operation of the WWW as an integrated system, close coordination between all the centres concerned, as well as with the WMO Secretariat, is essential inorder to identify the deficiencies and initiate corrective action as quickly as possible. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  36. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW • Observational data is used by NMSs for many applications 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  37. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Objectives: The implementation of the monitoring plan involves all three sub-systems of the WWW. Thus, in the context of monitoring: GOS is responsible for ensuring that the observations are made according to the prescribed standards, are encoded correctly and are presented for transmission at the times laid down; in addition, the GOS responds in timely fashion to requests for checks, corrections, etc. The GTS is responsible for ensuring the regular flow of meteorological information, both raw and processed. This involves keeping a close watch on the receipt and transmission of information, generating requests for missing bulletins and other products when necessary. The GDPFS provides processed information for timely distribution and also has an important role in the quality control of data. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  38. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Objectives: An important objective of any monitoring activity must include provision for the identification of deficiencies and also for corrective action to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the WWW. Success is measured in terms of how many deficiencies are corrected. The following items should be included in the monitoring programme: Regularity of observations; Quality of observational data and correct coding; Completeness and timeliness of collection of observational data at the NMC concerned; Adherence to WMO standard codes and telecommunication procedures; Collection of observational data at RTHs and WMCs; Exchange of data and processed information on the regional meteorological telecommunication networks and the MTN; Evaluation of the observations and processed information received at NMCs, RSMCs and WMCs in respect of their data needs. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  39. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Basic Components Real-time monitoring Real-time monitoring is the term used to describe monitoring which is carried out quickly enough to allow remedial action to be taken in time to be of value in day-to-day meteorological work. Ideally, it should be carried out within the times specified in the appropriate manuals and guides as the maximum acceptable time delays for the receipt of meteorological information, but in practice it is still valuable if it can be carried out before similar subsequent information is received. In view of the short time available, corrective action on real-time monitoring should be restricted to departures from the normal, e.g. bulletins or observations which are not received in time, obvious or suspected errors, and so on. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  40. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Basic Components Real-time monitoring Thus real-time monitoring requires the provision of information concerning: Bulletins not received by the specified time; Observations not received by the specified time, or which are incorrect or suspect, or cannot be interpreted with confidence; Inadequacies in receipt of processed information 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  41. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Basic Components Non-real-time monitoring Non-real-time monitoring is the term used to describe monitoring which is carried out over a specific time period. The purpose of non-real-time monitoring is to keep under review the general performance of the WWW and to identify shortcomings which may persist after real-time monitoring has been carried out. Non-real-time monitoring requires the preparation of summaries and various statistics which become available after a certain time, which may vary from a few hours to several months. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  42. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Basic Components Follow-up action for coordination and assistance In the real-time mode, the initial corrective action will be immediate and will be taken at the centres concerned or at the point of observation. In the non-real-time mode, follow-up action will be taken by the Members concerned to remedy any deficiencies with respect to the WWW plan. In some cases, this might involve obtaining advice on the procedures for obtaining external assistance and information on the maintenance and operation of their WWW facilities. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  43. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Priorities The monitoring scheme should concentrate, in the order of priority givenbelow, on theestablishment of checks on the following information: TEMP, TEMP SHIP and TEMP MOBIL, Parts A and B; PILOT, PILOT SHIP and PILOT MOBIL, Parts A and B; SYNOP (global exchange); SHIP and AIREP/AMDAR (global exchange); CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP; All other observational data and processed information, regularly exchanged 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  44. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Priorities In implementing this monitoring plan, it is important to establish the capability for quick responses at the observing points and at all centres to requests for checks and repetition in real time. It will also be found useful to give particular attention to ensuring the following elements of the monitoring plan: The correct telecommunication formats of messages in the GTS; The correct coding of messages and reports; The timely availability of data; The quality of the meteorological content of messages. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  45. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Responsibilities The basic responsibilities for monitoring the operation of the WWW rest with the Members. An essential part of the monitoring plan is that information should be exchanged between adjacent centres on the GTS in order that telecommunication problems in particular may be readily identified. A special aspect of the exchange of information is that procedures should be developed to ensure that no doubts exist that a bulletin contains all the observations available for inclusion in it. In the case of standard bulletins containing routine observations, the contents of the bulletins should always conform to the list included in the appropriate WMO publication. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  46. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Responsibilities When the observations from some stations included in the publication are not available for any reason, the reports should be properly encoded as NIL reports. As a further check on completeness, NMCs should send messages to the associated RTH, preferably in advance, when it is known that observations from listed stations are not (or will not be) available. It is important that all WWW centres (NMCs, RSMCs, RTHs and WMCs) make a contribution to the overall monitoring effort. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  47. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Responsibilities In the contributions, the following points should be taken into account: For the monitoring at bulletin level, additional or subsequent (RRx) and corrected (CCx) bulletins should be included; For the monitoring at report level, corrected reports should not be counted as additional reports, but retard reports should be counted; Duplicated reports and duplicated bulletins should be counted only once; The contributions should clearly indicate the database used for monitoring; The contributions should also report any outages of centres and/or circuits occurring during the monitoring period; In the contributions every possible effort should be made to adhere to the times included in the headings of the tables. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  48. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Responsibilities The frequency with which monitoring reports should be prepared and/orexchanged isillustrated in the following table: 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  49. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Responsibilities Reports called for at intervals of three months or more should always be forwarded to the Secretary-General in an agreed format for further action. Members should implement the plan for monitoring the operation of the WWW at the earliest possible date, in particular the real-time monitoring. In order to keep under review the efficient operation of the WWW, internationally co-ordinated monitoring on a non-real-time basis should be carried out periodically, once a year in October, on the full range of global observational data and with the participation of a limited number of major WWW centres. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

  50. MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Responsibilities The responsibilities for carrying out the real-time and non-real-time monitoring activities are given in Tables A and B. The arrows indicate the direction in which messages concerning monitoring will normally be sent. 5TH INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION AND METCAP SOFTWARE PACKAGE, TURKEY-ALANYA, SEPTEMBER 2010

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