1. UCx target n-generator H- HWRs 176MHz Elliptical ISCL 704 MHz 3-spoke ISCL 325 MHz Elliptical ISCL 704 MHz RFQ 176 MHz One of several target stations b = 0.03 b = 0.047 b = 0.65 b = 0.78 b = 0.09, b = 0.15 100 keV 1+ ion source 1 GeV/q H-, H+, 3He++ 1.5 MeV/u 60 MeV/q 140 MeV/q H+, D+, 3He++ >200 MeV/q D+, A/q=2 Low-resolution mass-selector Ion sources A possible schematic layout for a EURISOL facility Production & LE part High-resolution mass-selectors PS Secondary fragmentation target To low-E areas QWR ISCL 88 MHz Spoke ISCL 264 MHz 8 HWRs ISCL 176 MHz 3 QWRs ISCL 88 MHz Bunching RFQ Charge-breeder Decay ring RFQs To low-E areas b = 0.385 b = 0.27 b = 0.14 b = 0.065 2-150 MeV/u (for Sn-132) 9.3- 62.5 MeV/u 2.1-19.9 MeV/u To experimental area To medium-energy experimental areas Superheavy Elements Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions Parity Violation and Time Reversal in Atoms Applications Sp=0 Test of the Standard Model CKM-Matrix rp-Process, Novae and X-ray Bursts Sn=0 Nuclear Astrophysics Neutron-proton Pairing r-Process and Supernovae New Decay Modes 2 p and n radioactivity Structure & Dynamics of Exotic Nuclei Nuclear Shapes New Shell Structure Neutron & proton Drip lines Halos, Skins Molecules Courtesy of Hans Geissel The EURISOL Project The scientific promises of radioactive beam research have led the European nuclear physics community to propose to study and build a next generation ISOL facility called EURISOL. A preliminary design study was conducted in the European Union 5th framework programme. The baseline design is a Multi-MW proton beam impinging on a liquid mercury converter preceding a fissile target. Spallation targets are also planned. Post-acceleration will be performed with a superconducting Heavy Ion LINAC which is designed for 150 MeV/nucleon 132Sn for example. More detailed engineering studies and prototype building are currently being carried out in the framework of the EURISOL Design Study, supported within the European Union 6th framework programme. Twenty-one European laboratories and institutions from twelve countries participate in this endeavour, which also includes a conceptual study for a beta-beam facility making use of the beta-decay of the large quantities of radioactive nuclei produced. The EURISOL design study: A baseline concept for a next generation ISOL facility was devised in the European EURISOL RTD program which ran between 2000 and 2004. The driver is a 1 GeV Continuous Wave superconducting LINAC which can accelerate a proton beam with an intensity of 5mA corresponding to 5MW power. Capability for accelerating 3He, deuterons and A/Q=2 ions, will be included. The proton beam will impinge on a liquid Hg converter to produce a copious amount of neutrons in order to induce close to 1016 fissions per second in a UCX target with a total mass which could reach several kg. Spallation targets capable of absorbing directly 100 kW of beam power will also be available. After ionization, beams will be purified and reaccelerated by a superconducting LINAC with minimum beam losses. The final energy of the RIB can be adjusted continuously from rest to 150 MeV/nucleon for 132Sn. EURISOL is designed to provide a large energy range for a wide selection of isotopes which will allow physicists to combine a unprecedented variety of complementary probes for the study of exotic nuclei. Physics at EURISOL: The EURISOL beams of exotic ions will be orders of magnitude more intense than those currently available. EURISOL will provide a facility for research that addresses the major challenge of the fundamental understanding of nuclear structure in terms of the underlying many-body interactions between hadrons. Descriptions of nuclei having more than a few nucleons are semi-phenomenological in origin and cannot be reliably applied to nuclei far from stability. It is therefore crucial to measure the properties of nuclei at the extremes of stability such as the evolution of shell structure, T=0 and T=1 pairing, and collective phenomena such as halo effects and pygmy resonances. EURISOL also aims at understanding the universe through its history of stellar activity and galaxy formation where nuclear reactions play essential roles. In particular, in the violent maelstrom of explosive processes such as novae, x-ray bursters and supernovae the heavy elements are made in complex networks of reactions (r- and rp- processes) on unstable nuclei and beta decays. To understand these processes quantitatively and identify the astronomical sites where they occur requires a wealth of information on unstable nuclei. EURISOL, with its broad range of beams, will allow us to study many of the key reactions. Further applications of EURISOL to fundamental tests of the Standard Model, to the application of unique probes for surface science and condensed matter studies, and to other fields can be found in the report for EURISOL prepared within the RTD contract in the 5th framework. EURISOL will have applications that benefit society in many different areas and have strong impact on other fields of science. • The major challenges for the Design study: • Design a 5 MW, 1 GeV proton driver with additional capability of 200 MeV/nucleon deuterons and A/q=2 Heavy Ions; build and test prototypes of the cavities. • Design a liquid Hg converter which will accept 5 MW of beam power. • Design a UCx target which will make the most efficient use of the neutrons produced. • Evaluate the safety constraints of the above set up. • Design an efficient multi-user beam distribution system. • Design a superconducting HI LINAC capable of accelerating 132Sn up to 150 AMeV with minimum beam losses. • Investigate technologies for the instrumentation of the future • Provide a conceptual study for a beta-beam neutrino facility. • Tackling successfully these problems calls for combining unique expertise from many laboratories and institutions throughout Europe and beyond; PSI is a major participant e.g. key contributor to the design of the multi MW liquid mercury converter and responsible for crucial irradiation tests of the spallation target materials (TARPIPE). multi MW target multi transfer line TARPIPE beta-beam • The ISOL road map and the EURISOL site: • In 2003 the European RIB community identified three major directions to be pursued concurrently until the end of the • decade: • exploit vigorously the current ISOL facilities in order to further the scientific justification of the field and train a • generation of young scientists who will construct and utilize the facilities of the future, • ii) construct the intermediate generation ISOL (SPIRAL-II, SPES and HIE-ISOLDE) facilities which will constitute a unique • testing ground for many technical solutions to be implemented in EURISOL and • iii) produce a detailed engineering designs and prototypes of the most challenging parts of the EURISOL facility in the • framework of the EURISOL Design Study. • The work to identify and evaluate possible sites for the EURISOL facility has just started. The EURISOL community invites • laboratories interested to host the facility to contact the EURISOL management team. We acknowledge the financial support of the European Community under the FP6 “Research Infrastructure Action-Structuring the European Research Area” EURISOL DS Project contract no 515768 RIDS. The EC is not liable for the use that can be made of the information contained herein. More info at http://WWW.EURISOL.ORG